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Positioning 1 > Ch. 2 Chest > Flashcards

Ch. 2 Chest Flashcards

1
Q

excess of blood that results in part from relaxation of the distal small blood vessels or arterioles

A

hyperemia

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2
Q

lungs made of a light spongy highly elastic substance called

A

parenchyma

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3
Q

primary muscle of inspiration

A

diagphragm

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4
Q

two fused platelike structures that form the anterior wall of the larynx; largest and least mobile of the larynx cartilage

A

thyroid cartilage

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5
Q

why is the right lung smaller than the left lung and the right hemidiaphragm is positioned higher than the left

A

presence of liver on right side

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6
Q

in the upper neck just below the tongue or floor of mouth; holds the laynx

A

hyoid bone

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7
Q

oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the blood through the thin walls of these

A

alveoli

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8
Q

where is the laryngeal prominence of the thyroid cartilage located

A

C4-5

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9
Q

attached to part of the thyroid cartilage, posterior to the hyoid bone; acts as a lid to the laryngeal opening during swallowing

A

epiglottis

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10
Q

accumulation of fluid within the cavity is referred to as

A

pleural effusion

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11
Q

accumulation of blood in the pleural cavity creates a condition called

A

hemothorax

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12
Q

how far down is T7 from vertebral prominens, both male and female patients

A

male - 8” (20 cm)
female - 7” (18 cm)

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13
Q

where is the pharynx located and how big is it

A

posterior between nose and mouth above and the larynx and esophagus below; 5” (13 cm)

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14
Q

on an average adult T7 is how low from the jugular notch

A

3-4” (8-10 cm)

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15
Q

where exactly in reference to vertebra is the larynx located

A

C3-C6

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16
Q

superior portion of sternum

A

manubrium

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17
Q

where is the trachea located in reference to vertebra

A

C6-T4-5

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18
Q

how big is the larynx

A

1.5-2” (4-5 cm)

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19
Q

separates the superior and middle lobes of right lung

A

horizontal fissure

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20
Q

separates the inferior and middle lobe of the right lung

A

oblique fissure

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21
Q

the left and right primary bronchi/main stem bronchi divide into what

A

right bronchus -> 3 secondary
bronchi
left bronchus -> 2 secondary bronchi

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22
Q

secondary bronchi in each lobe of a lung subdivide into smaller bronchus called

A

bronchioles -> terminal bronchioles

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23
Q

gland located inferior to the thyroid gland and anterior and superior to the heart

A

thymus gland

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24
Q

stimulates bone breakdown to increase calcium in the blood

A

parathyroid glands

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25
Q

stimulates increased deposition of calcium in the bone lowering blood calcium levels

A

thyroid gland

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26
Q

located anteriorly in the neck region just below the thyroid cartilage, right and left lobes lying on each side of the trachea

A

thyroid gland

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27
Q

last tracheal cartilage that provides the trachea into right and left primary bronchi

A

carina

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28
Q

small, round glands embedded in the posterior surface of each lobe of the thyroid gland; usually 2 to each lobe, 4 total

A

parathyroid glands

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29
Q

ring of cartilage that forms the inferior and posterior wall of the larynx; attached to the first ring of cartilage of the trachea

A

cricoid cartilage

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30
Q

make up the roof of the oral cavity, separates nasal cavity from the mouth

A

hard palate and soft palate

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31
Q

portion of pharynx posterior to the mouth with tongue creating anterior wall; contains the palatine tonsils and lingual tonsils

A

oropharynx

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32
Q

connects the larynx to the main bronchi, also known as windpipe; fibrous muscular tube

A

trachea

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33
Q

inferior portion of pharynx that lies above and posterior to the larynx, extending from upper border of epiglottis to where pharynx narrows to join esophagus

A

laryngopharynx

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34
Q

connects the pharynx with the stomach; posterior to the larynx and trachea

A

esophagus

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35
Q

smaller, inferior portion of the sternum

A

xiphoid process

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36
Q

large, center portion of sternum

A

body

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37
Q

part of the skeleton system that provides a protective framework for the parts of the chest involved with breathing and blood circulation

A

bony thorax

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38
Q

cagelike cartilaginous structure which serves as the organ of voice

A

larynx

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39
Q

separates superior and inferior lobes of the left lung

A

single deep oblique fissure

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40
Q

lower posterior aspect of soft palate, marks the boundary between nasopharynx and oropharynx

A

uvula

41
Q

superior portion of pharynx, located posterior to the nose

A

nasopharynx

42
Q

passageway for food and fluids as well as air; common to digestive and respiratory systems

A

pharynx

43
Q

where is the CR placed for a lateral projection of the upper airway

A

C6-C7 between thyroid cartilage and jugular notch

44
Q

the carina is approximately at what vertebra

A

T4-5

45
Q

how much separation of the posterior ribs on a lateral chest projection indicates excessive rotation from a true lateral

A

1/2-3/4” (1 cm)

46
Q

the 4 divisions of the respiratory system

A
  • pharynx
  • trachea
  • bronchi
  • lungs
47
Q

another name for condition known as visceral inversion

A

situs inversus

48
Q

chest radiographs of adult patients use kVp ranges between

A

110-125 kVp

49
Q

outer layer of pleural sac adhering to the inner surface of the chest wall and diaphragm is the

A

parietal pleura

50
Q

delicate, double walled sac or membrane that contains the lungs is called

A

pleura

51
Q

which of the following types of body habitus may cause the costaphrenic angles to be out off if careful vertical collimation is not used

A

hyposthenic or asthenic

52
Q

which body habitus is associated with a broad and deep thorax

A

hypersthenic

53
Q

term for small air sacs located at the distal ends of the bronchioles in which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the blood

A

alveoli

54
Q

what position/projection would be used for a patient who is too ill or weak to stand for an AP lordotic projection

A

semiaxial 15-20 degrees cephalad

55
Q

what circumstances or clinical indications suggest that an AP lordotic projection should be ordered

A

calcifications or masses in the clavicle region, under them

56
Q

what specific position would be used if a patient were unable to stand but the physician suspected that the patient had fluid in the left lung

A

left lateral decub

57
Q

what is the name of the condition characterized by fluid entering the pleural cavity

A

pleural effusion

58
Q

3 parts of aorta

A

ascending, descending, arch

59
Q

common radiographic sign seen on a chest radiograph for a patient with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)

A

air bronchogram sign

60
Q

prominence or ridge seen when looking down into the bronchus where it divides into right and left bronchi

A

carina

61
Q

inflammation of pleura

A

pleurisy

62
Q

the heart is enclosed in a double walled membrane called

A

pericardial sac/pericardium

63
Q

if someone accidentally inhales a food particle which bronchus is it most likely to enter

A

Right due to being wider in diameter and more verticle

64
Q

bone seen in the anterior portion of the neck and is found just below the tongue or floor of the mouth

A

hyoid bone

65
Q

collapse of all or a portion of a lung

A

atelectasis

66
Q

acute or chronic irritation of bronchi

A

bronchitis

67
Q

most common form is emphysema

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

68
Q

irreversible dilation of bronchioles

A

bronchiectasis

69
Q

a contagious disease caused by an airborne bacterium

A

tuberculosis (TB)

70
Q

accumulation of pus in pleural cavity

A

empyema

71
Q

the trachea is _____ to the esophagus

A

anterior

72
Q

what is the name of the structure that acts as a lid over the larynx to prevent foreign objects such as food particles from entering the respiratory system

A

epiglottis

73
Q

3 divisions of the structure located proximally to the larynx that serve as a common passageway for both food and air

A

Pharynx
- nasopharynx
- oropharynx
- laryngopharynx

74
Q

prominent anterior projection of the thyroid cartilage, known as Adam’s apple

A

laryngeal prominence of the thyroid cartilage

75
Q

what is the voice box anatomic name

A

larynx

76
Q

accumulation of air in pleural cavity

A

pneumothorax

77
Q

shortness of breath

A

dyspnea

78
Q

4 important structures located in the mediastinum

A
  • thymus gland
  • heart and great vessels
  • trachea
  • esophagus
79
Q

what is the extreme outermost lower corner of the lungs called

A

costophrenic angle

80
Q

condition most frequently associated with congestive heart failure

A

pulmonary edema

81
Q

one of the most common inherited diseases

A

cystic fibrosis

82
Q

what is the breast bones anatomic name

A

sternum

83
Q

traditional CR centering technique for the chest is to place the top of the IR how far above the shoulders

A

1 1/2-2” (5 cm)

84
Q

what is the shoulder’s anatomic name

A

scapula

85
Q

what is the collarbones anatomic name

A

clavicle

86
Q

3 reasons chest projections should be taken with patient in erect position

A
  • see air and fluid lines
  • prevent engorgement and hyperemia of pulmonary vessels
  • allow diaphragm to move down further
87
Q

4 possible pathological conditions that suggest the need for inspiration and expiration PA chest projections

A
  • pneumothorax
  • lack of normal diaphragm movement
    presence of foreign body
    distinguishing between opacity in rib and lung
88
Q

what CR location would you use on geriatric patients for chest x-ray

A

higher CR - T6-7

89
Q

recommended exposure factors for a chest radiograph of a young pediatric

A

70-85 kVp

90
Q

potential space between the two pleura layers is called

A

pleural cavity

91
Q

the inner layer of pleural sac adhering to the surface of the lung is the

A

pulmonary/visceral pleura

92
Q

what is the upper rounded portion of the lungs above the level of the clavicles called

A

apex (apices)

93
Q

two important bony landmarks of the thorax used for locating the CR on a PA and AP chest projection

A
  • vertebra prominens
  • jugular notch
94
Q

what does the bony thorax consist of

A
  • sternum
  • 2 calvicles
  • 2 scapulae
  • 12 pairs of ribs
  • 12 thoracic vertebrae
95
Q

what is the central area in which bronchi and blood vessels enter the lungs called

A

hilum (hilus)

96
Q

what is the lower concave portion of the lungs called which rest on the diaphragm

A

base of lungs

97
Q

air or gas that enters the pleural cavity results in a condition called

A

pneumothorax

98
Q

another name for visceral inversion

A

situs inversus

Positioning 1 (44 decks)

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