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Positioning 1 > Ch. 3 Abdomen > Flashcards

Ch. 3 Abdomen Flashcards

(85 cards)

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1
Q

most common image of abdomen

A

AP supine abdomen/KUB

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2
Q

where is the right hemidiaphragm attached in relation to the ribs

A

anterior - 5th rib
posterior - 10th rib

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3
Q

umbrella shaped muscle that separates abdominal cavity from the thoracic cavity

A

diaphragm

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4
Q

lateral borders of the psoas major and minor muscles are only faintly visible on these patients

A

small-average patients

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5
Q

what are the 6 organs of the digestive system

A
  • oral cavity
  • pharynx
  • esophagus
  • stomach
  • small intestine
  • large intestine
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6
Q

what are the 3 digestive organs within the abdominal cavity

A
  • stomach
  • small intestine
  • large intestine
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7
Q

term used to describe the entire digestive system, starting with stomach

A

gastrointestinal (GI) tract/system

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8
Q

3 parts of small intestine in descending order

A
  • duodenum
  • jejunum
  • ileum
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9
Q

what portion of the small intestine is the shortest, but widest

A

duodenum

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10
Q

the jejunum contains how much of the remaining small intestine following the duodenum

A

first 2/3

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11
Q

the ileum contains how much of the remaining small intestine after duodenum

A

last/distal 3/5

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12
Q

orifice/valve between distal ileum and cecum of large intestine is called

A

ileocecal valve

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13
Q

proximal portion of the duodenum is called

A

duodenal bulb/cap

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14
Q

ducts from the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas drain into what portion of the GI tract in order to aid in digestion

A

duodenum

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15
Q

portion of large intestine just below the ileocecal valve

A

cecum

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16
Q

what is attached to the posteromedial aspect of the cecum

A

appendix (vermiform appendix)

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17
Q

vertical portion of large intestine, above the cecum

A

ascending colon

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18
Q

the endocrine portion of the pancreas produces what

A

insulin - aids in controlling blood sugar levels

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19
Q

where is the body and tail of pancreas located

A

extending toward LUQ

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20
Q

elongated gland located posterior to the stomach, between the duodenum and spleen

A

pancreas

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21
Q

what are the 3 accessory organs of the digestive system

A
  • pancreas
  • liver
  • gall bladder
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22
Q

the spleen is a part of what organ system

A

lymphatic - circulatory with heart and blood vessels

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23
Q

abdominal organ located posterior and to the left of the stomach

A

spleen

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24
Q

where is the transverse colon located in hyposthenic and asthenic patients

A

low in the abdomen

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25
where is the transverse colon located in hypersthenic patients
high in the abdomen
26
the sphincter muscle at the terminal opening of the large intestine
anus
27
final portion of the large intestine; how long is it
rectum; 6" (15cm)
28
descending colon continues into what s-shaped colon
sigmoid colon
29
where does the transverse colon join the descending colon at
left colic flexure (splenic flexure)
30
where does the ascending colon join the transverse colon at
right colic flexure (hepatic flexure)
31
the exocrine portion of pancreas produces what
digestive juices
32
how much digestive juice does the pancreas produce daily
1 1/2 quartz (1500 mL)
33
what is the largest solid organ in the body
liver
34
pear-shaped sac located posterior and inferior to the liver
gall bladder
35
bile produced by the liver, but not necessary for use at the time, is stored and concentrated where for future use
gall bladder
36
can you see the pancreas on a radiograph
no, not visible
37
can you see the gall bladder on a radiograph
no, not visible
38
what are calculi
gall stones
39
what type of gall stone is more commonly found within the US population
cholesterol based (80%)
40
where are pigment-based stones more commonly found
Asia
41
what percent of gallstones contain enough calcium to be visualized
only 20%
42
what alternate imaging modality better detects presence and location of radiolucent gallstones
ultrasound
43
used to demonstrate anatomic relationships of digestive organs and their accessory organs as well as spleen
computed tomography (CT)
44
where are the kidneys in relation to the psoas muscles
lateral to the psoas muscles
45
organs of the urinary system include:
- kidneys - ureters - urinary bladder - urethra
46
stores urine, located superior and posterior to symphysis pubis
bladder
47
glands located at the superomedial portion of each kidney
suprarenal (adrenal) glands
48
where does the right kidney sit compared with the left
slightly more inferior
49
bean shaped organ on either side of lumbar vertebral column
kidneys
50
eliminates waste material and excess water from the blood
kidneys
51
transports waste materials and excess water from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
ureters
52
can you see kidneys on an image
faintly visible due to fatty capsules surrounding them
53
an examination of the urinary system performed with intravenous contrast medium is called
excretory (EU)/intravenous urogram (IVU)
54
large serous, double-walled, saclike membrane which covers most the abdominal structures and organs as well as the wall of the abdominal cavity
peritoneum
55
outer layer of the peritoneum which adheres to the abdominal cavity wall
parietal peritoneum
56
inside portion of the peritoneum which covers the organs
visceral peritoneum
57
space or cavity between the parietal and visceral portions of the peritoneum
peritoneal cavity
58
abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity
ascites
59
double fold of peritoneum that holds the small intestine to the posterior abdominal wall
mesentary
60
double fold peritoneum which extends superiorly from the lesser curvature of the stomach to portions of the liver
lesser omentum
61
double fold of peritoneum that connects the transverse colon to the greater curvature of the stomach inferiorly; drapes over the small bowel and back on itself
greater omentum
62
first structure encountered beneath the parietal peritoneum if dissecting the abdomen through the mid-anterior wall would be
greater omentum
63
the two vertical planes for dividing the body into regions are called
right and left lateral planes
64
organs located behind the peritoneum
retroperitoneal
65
organs located under or beneath the peritoneum
infraperitoneal
66
organs within the peritoneum, either partially or completely covered by some type of visceral peritoneum are called
intraperitoneal
67
the major portion of the peritoneal cavity is called
greater sac (peritoneal cavity)
68
What are the two transverse/ horizontal planes called when dividing the body into regions
transpyloric plane and transtubercular plane
69
specific type of double-fold peritoneum that extends from the stomach to another organ
omentum
70
can you see the spleen on radiographs
faintly visible particularly if enlarged
71
what is the specific function of the liver
produce bile
72
where is the head of the pancreas located
RUQ - c-loop of duodenum
73
how long is the small intestine
15-18' (4.5-5.5 m)
74
what are gall stones composed of
cholesterol and pigment made of bile salts, phosphate and carbonate
75
smaller portion of the upper posterior peritoneal cavity located posterior to the stomach
lesser sac (omentum bursa)
76
how long is the pancreas
6" (12.5 cm)
77
how are the left and right lateral planes placed
midway between midsagittal and ASIS
78
peritoneum that attaches the colon to the posterior abdominal wall
mesocolon
79
air outside the digestive tract
free intraperitoneal air
80
when dividing the body into quadrants, where is the transverse plane located
between L4-L5level of umbilicus or iliac crest of females
81
the gall bladder contracts and releases the stored bile when stimulated by what hormone
cholecystokinin
82
what level is the transpyloric plane at
lower border of L1
83
what level is the transtubercular plane at
L5
84
how long is the duodenum
10" (25 cm)
85
presence of 1 or more calculi in the gall bladder
cholelithiasis

Positioning 1 (53 decks)

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