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Positioning 1 > Ch. 3 Abdomen > Flashcards

Ch. 3 Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

most common image of abdomen

A

AP supine abdomen/KUB

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2
Q

where is the right hemidiaphragm attached in relation to the ribs

A

anterior - 5th rib
posterior - 10th rib

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3
Q

umbrella shaped muscle that separates abdominal cavity from the thoracic cavity

A

diaphragm

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4
Q

lateral borders of the psoas major and minor muscles are only faintly visible on these patients

A

small-average patients

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5
Q

what are the 6 organs of the digestive system

A
  • oral cavity
  • pharynx
  • esophagus
  • stomach
  • small intestine
  • large intestine
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6
Q

what are the 3 digestive organs within the abdominal cavity

A
  • stomach
  • small intestine
  • large intestine
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7
Q

term used to describe the entire digestive system, starting with stomach

A

gastrointestinal (GI) tract/system

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8
Q

3 parts of small intestine in descending order

A
  • duodenum
  • jejunum
  • ileum
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9
Q

what portion of the small intestine is the shortest, but widest

A

duodenum

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10
Q

the jejunum contains how much of the remaining small intestine following the duodenum

A

first 2/3

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11
Q

the ileum contains how much of the remaining small intestine after duodenum

A

last/distal 3/5

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12
Q

orifice/valve between distal ileum and cecum of large intestine is called

A

ileocecal valve

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13
Q

proximal portion of the duodenum is called

A

duodenal bulb/cap

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14
Q

ducts from the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas drain into what portion of the GI tract in order to aid in digestion

A

duodenum

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15
Q

portion of large intestine just below the ileocecal valve

A

cecum

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16
Q

what is attached to the posteromedial aspect of the cecum

A

appendix (vermiform appendix)

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17
Q

vertical portion of large intestine, above the cecum

A

ascending colon

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18
Q

the endocrine portion of the pancreas produces what

A

insulin - aids in controlling blood sugar levels

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19
Q

where is the body and tail of pancreas located

A

extending toward LUQ

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20
Q

elongated gland located posterior to the stomach, between the duodenum and spleen

A

pancreas

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21
Q

what are the 3 accessory organs of the digestive system

A
  • pancreas
  • liver
  • gall bladder
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22
Q

the spleen is a part of what organ system

A

lymphatic - circulatory with heart and blood vessels

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23
Q

abdominal organ located posterior and to the left of the stomach

A

spleen

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24
Q

where is the transverse colon located in hyposthenic and asthenic patients

A

low in the abdomen

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25
Q

where is the transverse colon located in hypersthenic patients

A

high in the abdomen

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26
Q

the sphincter muscle at the terminal opening of the large intestine

A

anus

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27
Q

final portion of the large intestine; how long is it

A

rectum; 6” (15cm)

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28
Q

descending colon continues into what s-shaped colon

A

sigmoid colon

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29
Q

where does the transverse colon join the descending colon at

A

left colic flexure
(splenic flexure)

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30
Q

where does the ascending colon join the transverse colon at

A

right colic flexure (hepatic flexure)

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31
Q

the exocrine portion of pancreas produces what

A

digestive juices

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32
Q

how much digestive juice does the pancreas produce daily

A

1 1/2 quartz (1500 mL)

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33
Q

what is the largest solid organ in the body

A

liver

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34
Q

pear-shaped sac located posterior and inferior to the liver

A

gall bladder

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35
Q

bile produced by the liver, but not necessary for use at the time, is stored and concentrated where for future use

A

gall bladder

36
Q

can you see the pancreas on a radiograph

A

no, not visible

37
Q

can you see the gall bladder on a radiograph

A

no, not visible

38
Q

what are calculi

A

gall stones

39
Q

what type of gall stone is more commonly found within the US population

A

cholesterol based (80%)

40
Q

where are pigment-based stones more commonly found

A

Asia

41
Q

what percent of gallstones contain enough calcium to be visualized

A

only 20%

42
Q

what alternate imaging modality better detects presence and location of radiolucent gallstones

A

ultrasound

43
Q

used to demonstrate anatomic relationships of digestive organs and their accessory organs as well as spleen

A

computed tomography (CT)

44
Q

where are the kidneys in relation to the psoas muscles

A

lateral to the psoas muscles

45
Q

organs of the urinary system include:

A
  • kidneys
  • ureters
  • urinary bladder
  • urethra
46
Q

stores urine, located superior and posterior to symphysis pubis

A

bladder

47
Q

glands located at the superomedial portion of each kidney

A

suprarenal (adrenal) glands

48
Q

where does the right kidney sit compared with the left

A

slightly more inferior

49
Q

bean shaped organ on either side of lumbar vertebral column

A

kidneys

50
Q

eliminates waste material and excess water from the blood

A

kidneys

51
Q

transports waste materials and excess water from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

A

ureters

52
Q

can you see kidneys on an image

A

faintly visible due to fatty capsules surrounding them

53
Q

an examination of the urinary system performed with intravenous contrast medium is called

A

excretory (EU)/intravenous urogram (IVU)

54
Q

large serous, double-walled, saclike membrane which covers most the abdominal structures and organs as well as the wall of the abdominal cavity

A

peritoneum

55
Q

outer layer of the peritoneum which adheres to the abdominal cavity wall

A

parietal peritoneum

56
Q

inside portion of the peritoneum which covers the organs

A

visceral peritoneum

57
Q

space or cavity between the parietal and visceral portions of the peritoneum

A

peritoneal cavity

58
Q

abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity

A

ascites

59
Q

double fold of peritoneum that holds the small intestine to the posterior abdominal wall

A

mesentary

60
Q

double fold peritoneum which extends superiorly from the lesser curvature of the stomach to portions of the liver

A

lesser omentum

61
Q

double fold of peritoneum that connects the transverse colon to the greater curvature of the stomach inferiorly; drapes over the small bowel and back on itself

A

greater omentum

62
Q

first structure encountered beneath the parietal peritoneum if dissecting the abdomen through the mid-anterior wall would be

A

greater omentum

63
Q

the two vertical planes for dividing the body into regions are called

A

right and left lateral planes

64
Q

organs located behind the peritoneum

A

retroperitoneal

65
Q

organs located under or beneath the peritoneum

A

infraperitoneal

66
Q

organs within the peritoneum, either partially or completely covered by some type of visceral peritoneum are called

A

intraperitoneal

67
Q

the major portion of the peritoneal cavity is called

A

greater sac (peritoneal cavity)

68
Q

What are the two transverse/ horizontal planes called when dividing the body into regions

A

transpyloric plane and transtubercular plane

69
Q

specific type of double-fold peritoneum that extends from the stomach to another organ

A

omentum

70
Q

can you see the spleen on radiographs

A

faintly visible particularly if enlarged

71
Q

what is the specific function of the liver

A

produce bile

72
Q

where is the head of the pancreas located

A

RUQ - c-loop of duodenum

73
Q

how long is the small intestine

A

15-18’ (4.5-5.5 m)

74
Q

what are gall stones composed of

A

cholesterol and pigment made of bile salts, phosphate and carbonate

75
Q

smaller portion of the upper posterior peritoneal cavity located posterior to the stomach

A

lesser sac (omentum bursa)

76
Q

how long is the pancreas

A

6” (12.5 cm)

77
Q

how are the left and right lateral planes placed

A

midway between midsagittal and ASIS

78
Q

peritoneum that attaches the colon to the posterior abdominal wall

A

mesocolon

79
Q

air outside the digestive tract

A

free intraperitoneal air

80
Q

when dividing the body into quadrants, where is the transverse plane located

A

between L4-L5level of umbilicus or iliac crest of females

81
Q

the gall bladder contracts and releases the stored bile when stimulated by what hormone

A

cholecystokinin

82
Q

what level is the transpyloric plane at

A

lower border of L1

83
Q

what level is the transtubercular plane at

A

L5

84
Q

how long is the duodenum

A

10” (25 cm)

85
Q

presence of 1 or more calculi in the gall bladder

A

cholelithiasis

Positioning 1 (44 decks)

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