Ch. 10 Bony Thorax - Sternum and Ribs Pathology

Question 1

most commonly caused by trauma or underlying pathology. may cause injury to the lung or cardiovascular structures

Answer 1

rib fractures

Question 2

fractures to this specifically is often associated with injury to the underlying arteries or veins

Answer 2

first rib

Question 3

fractures to these may be associated with injury to adjacent organ such as the spleen, liver or kidney

Answer 3

lower ribs

Question 4

this fracture of adjacent ribs in two or more places is caused by blunt trauma and is associated with underlying pulmonary injury. this type of injury can lead to instability of the chest wall. if the tech suspects this injury, perform ribs studies erect if patients condition permits

Answer 4

flail chest fracture

Question 5

these fractures are typically caused by blunt trauma, and are associated with underlying cardiac injury

Answer 5

sternum fracture

Question 6

these are conditions present from birth that may become more evident as a child ages

Answer 6

congenital anomalies

Question 7

this defect is characterized by anterior protrusion of the lower sternum and xiphoid process. usually a benign condition, but could lead to cardiopulmonary complications in rare cases

Answer 7

pectus carinatum (pigeon breast)

Question 8

this deformity is characterized by a depressed sternum. this condition rarely interferes with respiration but often is corrected surgically for cosmetic reasons

Answer 8

pectus excavatum (funnel chest)

Question 9

these primary malignant neoplasms spread to distant sites via blood and lymphatics. the ribs are common sites of metastatic lesions

Answer 9

metastases

Question 10

destructive lesions with irregular margins

Answer 10

osteolytic

Question 11

proliferative bony lesions of increased density

Answer 11

osteoblastic

Question 12

moth-eaten appearance of bone resulting from the mix of destructive and blastic lesions

Answer 12

combination of osteolytic and osteoblastic

Question 13

localized or generalized infection of bone and marrow can be associated with postoperative complications of open heart surgery, which requires the sternum to be split. most common cause is a bacterial infection

Answer 13

osteomyelitis

Question 14

exposure adjustment for osteolytic lesion type

Answer 14

decrease

Question 15

exposure adjustment for osteoblastic lesion type

Answer 15

increase