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Positioning 1 > Ch. 7 Femur and Pelvic Girdle > Flashcards

Ch. 7 Femur and Pelvic Girdle Flashcards

1
Q

longest and strongest bone in the body

A

femur

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2
Q

proximal femur consists of 4 essential parts:

A

head, neck, greater trochanter, and lesser trochanter

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3
Q

depression/pit near the center of the head of the femur

A

fovea capitis

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4
Q

fovea capitis provides attachment for what

A

ligament of the head of the femur/ligament capitis femoris

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5
Q

strong, pyramidal process of bone that connects the head with the body or shaft in the region of the trochanters on the femur

A

neck

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6
Q

larger prominence located superiorly and laterally to the femoral shaft and is palpable as a bony landmark

A

greater trochanter

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7
Q

smaller, blunt, conical eminence that projects medially and posteriorly from the junction of the neck and shaft of the femur

A

lesser trochanter

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8
Q

the trochanters are joined posteriorly by a thick ridge called

A

intertrochanteric crest

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9
Q

what is the angle of the neck to the shaft of a femur on an average adult

A

125 degrees with variation of 15 degrees

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10
Q

in a long legged person with a narrow pelvis how would the angle of the femur change

A

femur would be more vertical, increasing angle of neck (140)

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11
Q

in a shorter person with a wider pelvis how would the angle of the neck of the femur change

A

angle would be less (110-115)

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12
Q

on an average adult in the anatomic position, the longitudindal plane of the femur is

A

10 degrees from vertical

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13
Q

what does the vertical angle of the femur look like on a shorter person with a wide pelvis

A

more of a vertical angle (15 degrees)

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14
Q

what does the vertical angle of the femur look like on a taller person with a narrow pelvis

A

less of an angle from vertical (5 degrees)

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15
Q

how is the head and neck of the femur placed in relation to the body of the femur

A

15-20 degrees anteriorly angled

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16
Q

how must the patient be positioned in order to get the femoral neck parallel to the IR and get a true AP projection of the proximal femur

A

femur and lower leg rotated 15-20 degrees internally

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17
Q

serves as the base of the trunk and forms the connection between the vertebral column and lower limbs

A

complete pelvis

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18
Q

what four bones do the pelvis consists of

A

2 hip bones (innominate bones/ossa coxae), sacrum, coccyx

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19
Q

what does the sacrum articulate with superiorly

A

5th lumbar vertebra

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20
Q

what does the sacrum and 5th lumbar vertebra form

A

lumbosacral joint (L5-S1 joint)

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21
Q

the right and left hip (iliac) bones articulate posteriorly with what

A

sacrum

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22
Q

what does the right and left hip (iliac) bones and the sacrum form

A

sacroiliac joints

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23
Q

which two bones are also considered part of the distal vertebral column

A

sacrum and coccyx

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24
Q

3 divisions of the hip bones

A

ilium, ischium, pubis

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25
Q

when do your hip bones fuse together as one bone

A

middle teens

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26
Q

what area does the fusion of the 3 sections of the hip bone occur

A

area of the acetabulum

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27
Q

deep, cup-shaped cavity that accepts the head of the femur to form the hip joint

A

acetabulum

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28
Q

largest of the 3 divisions of the hip bone

A

ilium

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29
Q

section of the hip bone located superior to the acetabulum

A

ilium

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30
Q

section of the hip bone located inferior and posterior to the acetabulum

A

ischium

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31
Q

section of the hip bone located inferior and anterior to the acetabulum

A

pubis

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32
Q

the ilium is composed of what

A

a body and an ala/wing

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33
Q

what part of the ilium is the body

A

more inferior portion near the acetabulum, includes the superior 2/5ths of the acetabulum

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34
Q

thin flared superior part of the ilium

A

wing/ala of the ileum

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35
Q

superior margin of the ala

A

crest of the ilium, extending from ASIS to posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS)

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36
Q

upper most peak of the crest of the ilium

A

iliac crest

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37
Q

below the ASIS is a less prominent projection referred to as

A

anterior inferior iliac spine

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38
Q

inferior to the PSIS

A

posterior inferior iliac spine

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39
Q

two important positioning landmarks on the ilium

A

iliac crest and ASIS

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40
Q

part of the hip bone that lies inferior and posterior to the acetabulum

A

ischium

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41
Q

what is the ischium divided into

A

body and a ramus

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42
Q

superior portion of the body of the ischium makes up this

A

posteroinferior 2/5ths of the acetabulum

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43
Q

the lower portion of the body of the ischium is formerly called what

A

superior ramus

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44
Q

portion of the ischium that projects caudally and medially from the acetabulum, ending at the ischial tuberosity

A

lower portion of the body of the ischium

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45
Q

projecting anteriorly from the ischial tuberosity

A

ramus of the ischium

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46
Q

rounded roughened area near the junction of the lower body and the inferior rami is a landmark called

A

tuberosity of the ischium; ischial tuberosity

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47
Q

posterior to the acetabulum is a bony projection termed what

A

ischial spine

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48
Q

T/F a small part of the ischial spine is visible on a frontal view of the pelvis

A

true

49
Q

directly superior to the ischial spine is a deep notch termed what

A

greater sciatic notch

50
Q

inferior to the ischial spine is a smaller notch termed what

A

lesser sciatic notch

51
Q

what bears most of the weight of the body when sitting

A

ischial tuberosity

52
Q

anterior and inferior to the acetabulum and includes the anteroinferior 1/5th of the acetablulum

A

body of the pubis/pubic bone

53
Q

extending anteriorly and medially from the body of each pubis

A

superior ramus

54
Q

the two superior rami meet in the midline to form this

A

symphysis pubis; pubic symphysis

55
Q

what type of joint is the symphysis pubis

A

amphiarthrodial joint

56
Q

each inferior ramus passes down and posterior from the symphysis pubis to joint this

A

ramus of the respective ischium

57
Q

large opening formed by the ramus and body of each ischium and by the pubis

A

obturator foramen

58
Q

largest foramen in the human skeleton

A

obturator foramen

59
Q

commonly used to check for rotation of the pelvis and/or lower abdomen by determination of whether the distance between them and the tabletop is equal on both sides

A

ASIS

60
Q

prominence of the greater trochanter is at about the same level as what

A

superior border of the symphysis pubis

61
Q

where are the ischial tuberosities in relation to the symphysis pubis

A

1 1/2 - 2” (4-5 cm) below the symphysis pubis, but vary between males and females

62
Q

a plane through this part of the pelvis divides the pelvic area into two cavities

A

brim of the pelvis

63
Q

the superior portion of the symphysis pubis anteriorly and the superior, prominent part of the sacrum posteriorly forms this

A

pelvic brim

64
Q

general area above or superior to the oblique plane through the pelvic brim

A

greater/false pelvis

65
Q

these form the lateral and posterior limits of the false pelvis

A

flared portion of the pelvis, formed primarily by the alae/wings of the ilia

66
Q

these define the anterior limits of the false pelvis

A

abdominal muscles of the anterior wall

67
Q

the lower abdominal organs and the fetus within a pregnant uterus rest on this

A

floor of the greater pelvis/false pelvis

68
Q

the area inferior to a plane through the pelvic brim

A

lesser/true pelvis

69
Q

cavity that is completely surrounded by bony structures

A

true pelvis

70
Q

size and shape of the true pelvis are of greatest important during what

A

the birth process due to the true pelvis forming the actual birth canal

71
Q

the oblique plane defined by the brim of the pelvis is termed what of the true pelvis

A

inlet/superior aperture

72
Q

the oblique plane defined by the ischial tuberosities and the tip of the coccyx of the true pelvis

A

outlet or inferior aperture

73
Q

what are the 3 sides of the triangularly shaped outlet formed by

A

line between ischial tuberosities and a line between each ischial tuberosity and the coccyx

74
Q

what is the area between the inlet and outlet of the true pelvis termed

A

cavity of the true pelvis

75
Q

during routine delivery what does the baby’s head travel through in order

A

pelvic inlet, midcavity, pelvic outlet

76
Q

what is used if dimensions of the birth canal of the pelvis are in question during pregnancy

A

ultrasound

77
Q

describing the sturdy, ringlike structure formed by the union of the ilium, ischium, and pubic bones, along with the sacrum and coccyx

A

pelvic ring

78
Q

round shape of human pelvic inlet

A

gynecoid

79
Q

wider right to left than anterior to posterior human pelvic inlet

A

platypelloid

80
Q

heart shaped human pelvic inlet

A

android

81
Q

wider anterior to posterior than right to left human pelvic inlet

A

anthropoid

82
Q

this pelvis is wider, with the ilia more flared and more shallow from font to back

A

female pelvis - gynecoid or platypelloid

83
Q

this pelvis is more narrow, and deeper, less flared with a heart-shaped pelvic inlet

A

male pelvis - anthropoid or android

84
Q

angle of the pubic arch of a female pelvis

A

80-85 degreses

85
Q

angle of the pubic arch of a male pelvis

A

50-60 degrees

86
Q

whose ischial spines project more medially

A

males

87
Q

ischial spines are more visible along the lateral margins of the pelvic cavity in the AP pelvis projection in who

A

males

88
Q

joints between the sacrum and each ilium

A

sacroiliac joints

89
Q

structure between the right and left pubic bones

A

symphysis pubis

90
Q

temporary growth joint of each acetabulum that solidifies in the midteen years

A

union of acetabulum

91
Q

joints between the head of the femur and the acetabulum of the pelvis

A

hip joints

92
Q

what type of joint is the sacroiliac joint

A

synovial - irregular gliding

93
Q

what type of joint is the symphysis pubis

A

cartilaginous - symphysis, amphiarthrodial type

94
Q

what type of joint is the union of the acetabulum

A

cartilaginous - synchondrosis, synarthrodial (non movable)

95
Q

what type of joint is the hip joint

A

synovial - ball and socket (spheroidal)

96
Q

thickest part of the articular capsule surrounding the hip joint

A

superior portion

97
Q

how long is the neck of the femur

A

2 1/2” (6-7 cm)

98
Q

how far is the head of the femur in relation to the midline between ASIS and pubic symphysis

A

1 1/2” (4 cm)

99
Q

long-standing traditional method to locate femoral head and neck

A

draw straight line between ASIS and pubic symphysis, halfway and at a right angle and distal to this line you can locate the head - 1 1/2” and the neck - 2 1/2” from this point

100
Q

where is the femoral neck in relation to ASIS

A

1-2” (3-5 cm) medial and 3-4” (8-10 cm) distal to ASIS

101
Q

when the leg is in a true anatomic position, true AP leg, how is the proximal femur positioned

A

proximal femur is rotated posteriorly 15-20 degrees and the lesser trochanter is visible

102
Q

how do you get the proximal femur and hip joint into a true AP position

A

internally rotate entire lower leg so that the neck of the femur is parallel with the IR

103
Q

when the lesser trochanter isn’t visible or is only slightly visible what does this indicate

A

entire leg is internally rotated full 15-20 degrees (true AP of proximal femur/hip joint)

104
Q

common fracture site for an older patient who has fallen

A

femoral neck

105
Q

physical sign for a femoral neck fracture

A

external rotation of foot involved - lesser trochanter is clearly visualized in profile

106
Q

if evidence of a hip fracture is present how should the radiograph be taken

A

AS IS, do not attempt to rotate the leg internally

107
Q

what position visualizes the femoral head and neck in profile

A

15-20 internal rotation of feet

108
Q

what position greatly foreshortens the femoral necks

A

external rotation of feet

109
Q

what position partially foreshortens the femoral necks

A

anatomic position

110
Q

what position puts the feet an a normal relaxed position

A

external rotation of feet

111
Q

what position visualizes the lesser trochanters in profile

A

external rotation of feet

112
Q

patients who have undergone hip replacement surgery should not be place in this position for any postsurgical procedures

A

frog-leg position

113
Q

this modality is useful for evaluating soft tissue involvement of lesions or determining the extent of fractures

A

CT

114
Q

this modality is useful for studying the relationship of the femoral head to the acetabulum before hip surgery or for performing a postreduction study of a developmental hip dislocation

A

CT

115
Q

this modality can be useful for imaging the lower limb or pelvis when soft tissue injuries or possible abnormalities related to joints are suspected

A

MRI

116
Q

this modality is useful for evaluating newborns for hip dislocations and for assessing joint stability during movement of the lower limbs

A

sonography

117
Q

sonography is usually selected during what time of infancy

A

first 4-6 months

118
Q

this modality can be useful in providing early evidence of certain bony pathologic processes, such as occult fractures, bone infections, metastatic carcinoma, or other metastatic or primary malignancy

A

nuclear medicine

Positioning 1 (44 decks)

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