ch 21 pharmacology wk 7 Flashcards
(259 cards)
1
Q
suffix:
-amine
A
nitrogen compound
2
Q
suffix:
-dote
A
to give
3
Q
suffix:
-genic
A
produced by or in
4
Q
suffix:
-in
A
substance
5
Q
suffix:
-phylaxis
A
protection
6
Q
suffix:
-sol
A
solution
7
Q
a.c., ac
A
before meals
(ante cibum)
8
Q
ACE
A
angiotensin-converting enzyme
9
Q
ad lib
A
freely, as desired
(ad libitum)
10
Q
APAP
A
acetaminophen
acetyl-p-aminophenol—acetaminophen (Tylenol)
11
Q
ARB
A
angiotensin II receptor blocker
12
Q
b.i.d., bid
A
two times a day
(bis in die)
13
Q
c–
A
with
14
Q
Caps
A
capsules
15
Q
cc
A
cubic centimeter
16
Q
DOAC
A
direct oral anticoagulant
17
Q
FDA
A
Food and Drug Administration
18
Q
gm, g
A
gram
19
Q
gtt
A
drops
(guttae)
20
Q
h
A
hour
(hora)
21
Q
h.s., hs
A
at bedtime
(hora somni)
22
Q
H2 blocker
A
histamine H2 receptor antagonist
23
Q
HRT
A
hormone replacement therapy
24
Q
IM
A
intramuscular
25
INH
isoniazid—antituberculosis agent
26
IT
`i`ntra`t`hecal
27
IV
`i`ntra`v`enous
28
MAOI
`m`ono`a`mine `o`xidase `i`nhibitor
29
mg
`m`illi`g`ram
30
ml, mL
`m`illi`l`iter
31
NPO
nothing by mouth
(`n`il `p`er `o`s)
32
NSAID
`n`on`s`teroidal `a`nti-`i`nflammatory `d`rug
33
p–
after
(`p`ost)
34
p.c., pc
after meals
(`p`ost `c`ibum)
35
PCA
`p`atient-`c`ontrolled `a`nalgesia
36
PDR
`P`hysicians’ `D`esk `R`eference
37
PICC
`p`eripherally `i`nserted `c`entral `c`atheter
intravenous access for over a long period of time
38
PO, p.o., po
by mouth
(`p`er `o`s)
39
p.r.n., prn
as needed
(`p`ro `r`e `n`ata)
40
Pt
patient
41
q
every
(`q`uaque)
42
q.h., qh
every hour
(`q`uaque `h`ora)
43
q2h
every 2 hours
44
q.i.d., qid
four times a day
(`q`uater `i`n `d`ie)
45
q.s., qs
sufficient quantity
(`q`uantum `s`atis)
46
qAM
every morning
47
qPM
every evening
48
Rx
prescription
49
s–
without
(`s`ine)
50
SERM
`s`elective `e`strogen `r`eceptor `m`odulator
51
Sig.
directions—how to take medication
52
SL
`s`ub`l`ingual
53
s.o.s.
if it is necessary (`s`i `o`pus `s`it)
54
SSRI
`s`elective `s`erotonin `r`euptake `i`nhibitor
55
subQ
subcutaneous
56
tab
`tab`let
57
TCA
`t`ri`c`yclic `a`ntidepressant
58
t.i.d., tid
three times daily (`t`er` i`n `d`ie)
59
# 3 words with its abbreviation
Lowers blood pressure by dilating blood vessels. ____-____ ____ or ____ inhibitors block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II (a powerful vasoconstrictor).
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)
ACE inhibitor
60
Physical and psychologic dependence on and craving for a drug.
addiction
61
Drug action in which the combination of two similar drugs is equal to the sum of the effects of each.
additive action
62
aer/o
air
63
Particles of drug suspended in air and inhaled. Suffix -sol means solution.
aerosol
64
alges/o
sensitivity to pain
65
Central nervous system stimulant.
amphetamine
66
ana-
upward, excessive, again
67
Relieves pain.
analgesic
68
Exaggerated hypersensitivity reaction to a previously encountered drug or foreign protein. Suffix -phlaxis means protection.
anaphylaxis
69
Male hormone.
androgen
70
Absence of nervous feeling or sensation.
anesthesia
71
Reduces or eliminates sensation; general and local.
anesthetic
72
Lowers blood pressure by preventing angiotensin from acting on receptors in blood vessels.
angiotensin II receptor blocker
73
Neutralizes acid in the stomach.
antacid
74
Combination of two drugs gives less than an additive effect (action).
antagonistic action
75
anti-
against
76
Blocks the formation of androgens or interferes with their effect in tissues.
antiandrogen
77
Treats abnormal heart rhythms.
antiarrhythmic
78
Chemical substance, produced by a plant or microorganism, that has the ability to inhibit or destroy foreign organisms in the body.
antibiotic
79
Prevents blood clotting.
anticoagulant
80
Prevents convulsions (abnormal brain activity).
anticonvulsant
81
Relieves symptoms of depression.
antidepressant
82
Drug given to prevent or treat diabetes mellitus.
antidiabetic
83
Prevents diarrhea.
antidiarrheal
84
Agent given to counteract an unwanted effect of a drug. Suffix -dote means what is given.
antidote
85
Prevents nausea and vomiting.
antiemetic
86
Blocks the action of histamine and helps prevent symptoms of allergy.
antihistamine
87
Agent that kills microorganisms or stops their growth.
antimicrobial
88
Relieves nausea and vomiting; antiemetic.
antinauseant
89
Reduces the tendency of platelets to stick together and form a clot.
antiplatelet
90
Drug that acts against itching (pruritus).
antipruritic
91
Drug that lowers fever.
antipyretic
92
against infection
Antiseptics
93
Inhibits the secretion of acid by cells lining the stomach.
antiulcer
94
Acts against viruses such as herpesviruses and HIV.
antiviral
95
Reduces estrogen in the blood by blocking the enzyme aromatase.
aromatase inhibitor
96
Blocks the action of epinephrine at sites on receptors of heart muscle cells, the muscle lining of blood vessels, and bronchial tubes; antiarrhythmic, antianginal, and antihypertensive.
beta blocker
97
group of drugs that prevents bone loss in osteoporosis.
(4 syllables)
bisphosphonate
98
Commercial name for a drug; trademark or trade name.
brand name
99
bronch/o
bronchial tube
100
Agent that dilates (widens) blood vessels and relieves bronchospasm. Theophylline is a smooth muscle relaxant used to treat asthma, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis.
bronchodilator
101
Central nervous system stimulant
(found in coffee and tea).
caffeine
102
`Blocks` the entrance of `calcium` into heart muscle and muscle lining of blood vessels; used as an antiarrhythmic, antianginal, and antihypertensive; also called calcium antagonist.
calcium channel blocker
103
Drug that treats heart failure by increasing the force of contraction of the heart; digoxin is an example.
cardiac glycoside
104
Acts on the heart and blood vessels. This category of drug includes ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, cholesterol-lowering drugs or statins, and diuretics.
cardiovascular drug
105
Relieves constipation.
cathartic
106
chem/o
drug or chemical
107
Chemical formula for a drug.
chemical name
108
Treatment using drugs.
chemotherapy
109
`Binds` to dietary `cholesterol` and prevents its uptake from the gastrointestinal tract.
cholesterol-binding drug
110
`Lowers cholesterol` by preventing its production by the liver; statin. Other drugs, PCSK9 inhibitors, promote cholesterol clearance from the blood.
cholesterol-lowering drug
111
Includes the most dangerous drugs that have no recognized medicinal use
Class (Schedule) I
112
Dangerous substances with general medical indications and high potential for abuse and addiction.
Class (Schedule) II
113
Carries less potential for abuse, but casual use can lead to psychologic addiction and dependence.
Class (Schedule) III
114
Carries low potential for abuse but a risk of psychologic or limited physical dependence.
Class (Schedule) IV
115
This class includes codeine preparations (Robitussin A-C) and opium/opioid preparations (Kapectolin PG—antidiarrheal, Lomotil—antidiarrheal, Motofen—antidiarrheal).
Class (Schedule) V
116
contra-
against, opposite
117
Factors that prevent the use of a drug or treatment.
Alternatively, drug indications are reasons to prescribe a medication; a bacterial infection may be an indication to prescribe a specific antibiotic.
contraindications
118
Drugs that produce tolerance and dependence and have potential for abuse or addiction.
Drugs regulated under existig federal law. Divided into 5 classes (schedules) based on the subtance's medical value, harmfulness, and potential for abuse or addiction.
controlled substances
119
cras/o
mixture
120
cutane/o
skin
121
Physiologic need for a drug with prolonged use.
dependence
122
derm/o
skin
123
Increases the production of urine and thus reduces the volume of fluid in the body; antihypertensive.
diuretic
124
Amount of drug administered, usually measured in milligrams.
dose
125
Promotes vomiting.
emetic
126
Hormone or hormone-like drug.
Examples are androgens, estrogens, progestins, SERMs, thyroid hormones, and glucocorticoids.
endocrine drug
127
enter/o
intestines (usually small intestine)
128
erg/o
work
129
Antibiotic that is extracted from a red (erythr/o) mold (-mycin).
erythromycin
130
esthes/o
feeling, sensation
131
Female hormone that promotes development of secondary sex characteristics and supports reproductive tissues.
estrogen
132
Government agency having the legal responsibility for enforcing proper drug manufacture and clinical use.
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
133
Relieves symptoms of diseases in the gastrointestinal tract.
Examples are antacids, antiulcer drugs, antidiarrheal drugs, cathartics, laxatives, purgatives, and antinauseants (antiemetics).
gastrointestinal drug
134
Legal noncommercial name for a drug.
generic name
135
Hormone from the adrenal `cor`tex that raises blood `sugar` and reduces inflammation.
glucocorticoid
136
hist/o
tissue
137
hypn/o
sleep
138
Produces sleep or a trance-like state.
hypnotic
139
Pertaining to under the skin.
hypodermic
140
iatr/o
treatment
141
Condition caused by treatment (drugs or procedures) given by physicians or medical personnel.
iatrogenic
142
Unexpected effect produced in a particularly sensitive individual, but not seen in most patients.
Idi/o means individual, peculiar; syn- means together. An ____ is an abnormal, unexpected effect of a drug that is peculiar to an individual patient.
idiosyncrasy
143
Unexpected reaction produced in a particularly sensitive patient but not seen in most people.
idiosyncratic reaction
144
Administration of drugs in gaseous or vapor form through the nose or mouth.
inhalation
145
injection is made into a body cavity, such as the peritoneal or pleural cavity.
Intracavitary instillation
146
superficial injection is made into the upper layers of the skin and is used chiefly in skin testing for allergic reactions.
Intradermal injection
147
The buttock or upper arm is the usual site for this injection into muscle.
This form of drug administration gives rapid absorption of single doses of drugs, but is inconvenient for continuous drug dosing
Intramuscular injection (IM)
148
Pertaining to within the membranes (meninges) surrounding the brain and spinal cord.
intrathecal
149
Pertaining to within a vein.
intravenous
150
a weak cathartic is a?
laxative
151
lingu/o
tongue
152
Study of new drug synthesis; relationship between `chemical` structure and biologic effects.
medicinal chemistry
153
`Study` of interaction of `drugs` and their target `molecules` (such as enzymes or cell surface receptors).
molecular pharmacology
154
myc/o
mold, fungus
155
narc/o
stupor
156
Habit-forming drug (potent analgesic) that relieves pain by producing stupor or insensibility;
Examples-morphine and opium
narcotic
157
or/o
mouth
158
Pertaining to the mouth.
oral
159
Drugs are given by mouth.
oral administration
160
par-
other than, apart from
161
Pertaining to by some route other than through the gastrointestinal tract, as by intravenous injection. Enter/o means intestine.
parenteral
162
Drugs are given by injection into the skin, muscles, or veins (any route other than through the digestive tract).
Examples are subcutaneous, intradermal, intramuscular, intravenous, intrathecal, and intracavitary injections and instillations.
parenteral administration
163
pharmac/o
drug
164
Specialist in preparing and dispensing drugs.
pharmacist
165
Study of drug effects within the body.
pharmacodynamics
166
Study of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion over a period of time.
pharmacokinetics
167
Specialist in the study of the properties, uses, and side effects of drugs.
pharmacologist
168
Study of the preparation, properties, uses, and side effects of drugs.
pharmacology
169
Location for preparing and dispensing drugs; also the study of preparing and dispensing drugs.
pharmacy
170
Reference book that lists drug products; PDR.
Physicians’ Desk Reference
171
Female hormone that stimulates the uterine lining during pregnancy and is also used in treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding and for hormone replacement therapy.
progestin
172
prurit/o
itching
173
Relieves constipation; strong cathartic.
purgative
174
pyret/o
fever
175
Target substance with which a drug interacts in the body.
receptor
176
Drugs are inserted through the anus into the rectum.
rectal administration
177
Lack of beneficial response; seen when drugs are unable to control the disease process.
resistance
178
Treats asthma, emphysema, and infections of the respiratory system. Bronchodilators are examples.
respiratory drug
179
Desired and beneficial effect of a drug.
response
180
Exact dose, timing, and frequency of drug administration.
schedule
181
Mildly hypnotic drug that relaxes without necessarily producing sleep. Benzodiazepines are examples.
sedative
182
Adverse reaction, usually minor, that routinely results from the use of a drug.
side effect
183
Excites and promotes activity. Caffeine and amphetamines are examples.
stimulant
184
Pertaining to under the skin.
subcutaneous
185
A small hypodermic needle is introduced into the subcutaneous tissue under the skin, usually on the upper arm, thigh, or abdomen.
Subcutaneous (hypodermic) injection (subQ)
186
Pertaining to under the tongue.
sublingual
187
Drugs are given by placement under the tongue.
sublingual administration
188
syn-
together, with
189
Combination of two drugs causes an effect that is greater than the sum of the individual effects of each drug alone.
synergism
190
Pertaining to synergism.
synergistic
191
Instrument (tube) for introducing or withdrawing fluids from the body.
syringe
192
thec/o
sheath (of brain and spinal cord)
193
Hormone that stimulates cellular metabolism.
thyroid hormone
194
Larger and larger drug doses must be given to achieve the desired effect. The patient becomes resistant to the action of a drug as treatment progresses.
tolerance
195
Drugs are applied locally on the skin or mucous membranes of the body; ointments, creams, and lotions are applied topically.
topical application
196
tox/o
poison
197
Pertaining to a toxin (a poisonous or harmful substance).
toxic
198
toxic/o
poison
199
Harmful effects of a drug.
toxicity
200
Study of harmful chemicals and their effects on the body.
toxicology
201
Controls anxiety and severe disturbances of behavior.
tranquilizer
202
used to deliver drugs continuously `through the skin`.
Transdermal patches
203
Movement of a drug across a cell membrane into body cells.
transport
204
Authoritative list of drugs, formulas, and preparations that sets a standard for drug manufacturing and dispensing; USP.
United States Pharmacopeia
205
vas/o
vessel
206
Drug that widens blood vessels.
vasodilator
207
ven/o
vein
208
vit/o
life
209
Substance found in foods and essential in small quantities for growth and good health.
vitamin
210
# True or False and Why?
You may take your cholesterol-lowering statin pill with grapefruit juice.
False
Grapefruit juice is acidic and increases uptake of some statins into the bloodstream. This may lead to toxic side effects in liver and muscle.
211
# True or False and Why?
It’s a good idea to take your ACE inhibitor (blood pressure medication) with bananas.
False
Bananas contain potassium, and ACE inhibitors cause the body to retain potassium. If you combine the two, you may end up with a dangerously high level of potassium in the blood.
211
# True or False and Why?
Add vegetables like kale, mustard greens, and spinach to your diet when you are taking the anticoagulant warfarin (Coumadin).
False
Kale and similar vegetables are rich in vitamin K. Warfarin works as an anticoagulant by decreasing the activity of vitamin K, which is necessary for clotting. Therefore, kale and other vegetables can counteract the anti-clotting benefits of warfarin.
211
# True or False and Why?
After taking your heart medicine digoxin, you may enjoy a treat of black licorice.
False
Black licorice, or glycyrrhiza glabra, decreases potassium levels in the body. Low potassium levels can increase the side effects that may occur with digoxin usage. These side effects are nausea, vomiting, headache, loss of appetite and diarrhea.
211
# True or False and Why?
Enjoy a glass or two of wine when you are taking the antibiotic Flagyl (metronidazole).
False
Flagyl interferes with how alcohol is eliminated from the body and results in gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea and vomiting.
211
# True or False and Why?
Eat walnuts, Brazil nuts, soybean flour, or foods with high fiber content when you are taking thyroid medication (levothyroxine).
False
Walnuts, Brazil nuts, soybean flour, and high-fiber foods can prevent your body from absorbing thyroid medication.
212
What class of drug is Omeprazole (Prilosec)?
anti-GERD drug
Antiulcer drugs and anti-gastrointestinal reflux disease (GERD) drugs
GASTROINTESTINAL DRUGS
213
# True or False and Why?
What class of drug is Fluoxetine (Prozac)?
antidepressant
214
What class of drug is Ondansetron (Zofran)?
antiemetic (antinauseant)
GASTROINTESTINAL DRUGS
215
What class of drug is Lisinopril (Zestril)?
antihypertensive
CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS
216
What class of drug is Olanzapine (Zyprexa)?
antipsychotic
217
Combination of two drugs is `greater than `the total effects of each drug by itself
synergism
218
Combination of two drugs that is `equal to the sum` of the effects of each
additive action
219
Two drugs give `less than` an additive effect (action)
antagonistic
220
an agent that reduces or eliminates sensation
Anesthetic
221
An agent (mildly hypnotic) that relaxes and calms nervousness
sedative
222
an agent that excites and promotes activity
stimulant
223
a drug used to control anxiety and severe disturbances of behavior
tranquilizer
224
What class of drug is nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)?
Analgesic
225
What class of drug is insulin?
Antidiabetic
226
What class of drug is heparin?
Anticoagulant
227
What class of drug is penicillin or erythromycin?
Antibiotic
228
What class of drug is caffeine or amphetamines?
Stimulant
229
What class of drug is a benzodiazepine?
control minor symptoms of anxiety
sedative-hypnotic
minor tranquilizer
230
What class of drug is phenothiazine?
control more severe disturbances of behavior. Useful for controlling anxiety.
major tranquilizer
Sedative-hypnotics and tranquilizers
231
What does sedative and hypnotics mean?
drowsiness (sedatives) and sleep (hypnotics)
232
# What class or type of drug would you use to treat ____?
epilepsy
anticonvulsant
233
# What class or type of drug would you use to treat ____?
thrombosis and embolism
anticoagulant
234
# What class or type of drug would you use to treat ____?
epigastric discomfort
antacid
235
# What class or type of drug would you use to treat ____?
abnormal uterine bleeding caused by hormonal imbalance
progestins
236
# What class or type of drug would you use to treat ____?
streptococcal pharyngitis
antibiotic
237
# What class or type of drug would you use to treat ____?
congestive heart failure and hypertension
ACE inhibitor
238
# What class or type of drug would you use to treat ____?
asthma
bronchodilator
respiratory drugs
239
# What class or type of drug would you use to treat ____?
anaphylactic shock
antihistamine
240
# What class or type of drug would you use to treat ____?
severe behavioral disturbances
major tranquilizer
241
# What class or type of drug would you use to treat ____?
arthritis and neuralgia
analgesic
242
An agent that reduces fever
antipyretic
243
a habit-forming analgesic is a ____
narcotic
244
an antibiotic derived from a red mold
erythromycin
245
Cephalosporins (such as cefuroxime and cefprozil) and penicillins are examples of ?
antibiotic drugs
246
Advil (ibuprofen) is an example of a/an
NSAID
247
Tegretol (carbamazepine) and Dilantin (phenytoin) are examples of a/an
anticonvulsant drug
248
Zovirax (acyclovir) and Crixivan (indinavir) are both types of a/an
antiviral drug
249
Nolvadex (tamoxifen), used to treat estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer in women, is an example of a/an
antiestrogen drug
250
Patients with high blood pressure may need Vasotec (enalapril) or Zestril (lisinopril). Both of these are examples of a/an
ACE inhibitor
251
Elavil (amitriptyline) and Prozac (fluoxetine) are two types of a/an
antidepressant drug
252
Metformin and Avandia (rosiglitazone) are two types of ?
oral antidiabetic for type 2 diabetes drugs
253
If you have an allergy, your doctor may prescribe Allegra (fexofenadine), which is a/an
antihistamine drug
254
Two agents that reduce the amount of fluid in the blood and thus lower blood pressure are Lasix (furosemide) and Aldactone (spironolactone). These are ________ drugs.
diuretic drugs
255
Xylocaine (lidocaine) is an example of of a/an
anesthetic drug
