ch 9 male reproduction Flashcards
(147 cards)
1
Q
____ is produced by cells within the prostate gland. Elevated levels of ____ are associated with enlargement of the prostate gland and may be a sign of prostate cancer.
A
PSA
2
Q
-cele
A
hernia
3
Q
-ectomy
A
removal; excision; resection
4
Q
-gen
A
substance that produces
5
Q
-genesis
A
formation
6
Q
-genic
A
produced by or in
7
Q
-lysis
A
breakdown; separation; destruction; loosening
8
Q
-lytic
A
reducing, destroying; separating; breakdown
9
Q
-one
A
hormone
10
Q
-pexy
A
fixation, put in place
11
Q
-plasia
A
development; formation; growth
12
Q
-rrhea
A
flow; discharge
13
Q
-spadias
A
the condition of tearing or cutting
14
Q
-stomy
A
new opening
15
Q
-tomy
A
process of cutting
16
Q
-trophy
A
nourishment; development (condition of)
17
Q
andr/o
A
male
18
Q
Hormone, Testosterone is an ____. The testes in males and the adrenal glands in both men and women produce ____.
A
androgen
19
Q
Failure to produce semen (sperm and fluid). One cause of ____ is retrograde ejaculation (sperm flows backward into the urinary bladder) as a result of prostate surgery.
A
aspermia
20
Q
Lack of spermatozoa (sperm) in the semen. Causes include testicular dysfunction, chemotherapy, blockage of the epididymis, and vasectomy.
A
azoospermia
HINT: Azoospermia is semen without sperm, while aspermia is no semen at all.
21
Q
balan/o
A
glans penis (Greek balanos, means acorn)
22
Q
Inflammation of the glans penis.
A
balanitis
23
Q
Benign growth of cells within the prostate gland. BPH is a common condition in men older than 60 years of age.
A
benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
24
Q
BPH
A
benign prostatic hyperplasia
25
Pair of exocrine glands near the male urethra. They secrete fluid into the urethra. Also called Cowper glands.
bulbourethral glands
26
Surgical excision of testicles or ovaries.
castration
27
hard ulcer or sore usually appears on the external genitalia a few weeks after bacterial infection.
chancre
28
Bacterial infection (by Chlamydia trachomatis) of the urethra and reproductive tract.
chlamydia
29
Malignant tumor of the placenta.
choriocarcinoma
30
Surgical procedure to remove the prepuce (foreskin) of the penis.
circumcision
31
another name for bulbourethral glands
Cowper glands.
32
cry/o
cold
33
Technique for prostate cancer treatment using freezing temperatures to destroy cancer cells.
cryogenic surgery
34
crypt/o
hidden
35
Undescended testicles at the time of birth. Orchiopexy is performed to bring the testes into the scrotum if they do not descend on their own by the age of 1 or 2 years
cryptorchidism; cryptorchism
36
Finger palpation through the anal canal and rectum to examine the prostate gland.
digital rectal examination (DRE)
37
DRE
digital rectal examination
38
another name for vas `d`eferens a narrow t`u`be carrying sperm from the epididymis toward the `u`rethrea
ductus deferencs
39
early detection of prostate cancer depends on finding a high level of ____in the blood.
`p`rostate-`s`pecific `a`ntigen (PSA)
40
ED
erectile dysfunction
41
Ejection of sperm and fluid from the male urethra.
ejaculation
42
Tube through which semen enters the male urethra.
ejaculatory duct
43
epididym/o
epididymis
44
One of a pair of long, tightly coiled tubes above each testis. It stores and carries sperm from seminiferous tubules to the vas deferens.
epididymis (plural: epididymides)
45
Inflammation of an epididymis.
epididymitis
46
Inability of an adult male to achieve an erection; impotence.
erectile dysfunction
47
Hair-like projection on a sperm cell that makes it motile (able to move).
flagellum
48
Fold of skin covering the head of the penis; prepuce.
foreskin
49
Two infants resulting from fertilization of two separate ova by two separate sperm cells (Figure 9-5).
fraternal twins
50
Sensitive tip of the penis; comparable to the clitoris in the female.
glans penis
51
gon/o
seed (Greek gone, means seed)
52
Inflammation of the genital tract mucosa, caused by infection with gonococci (berry-shaped bacteria).
gonorrhea
53
GU
genitourinary
54
Sexually transmitted infection of the skin and genital mucosa, caused by herpes simplex virus; marked by fluid filled blisters.
herpes genitalis
55
HPV
human papillomavirus
56
HSV
herpes simplex virus
57
Infection of the skin and mucous membranes in the anogenital region by the human papillomavirus. Some types of ____ cause genital warts and lead to cancer of the cervix as well as cancer in men.
human papillomavirus (HPV) infection
58
hydr/o
water, fluid
59
Hernia (sac of clear, watery fluid) within the scrotum.
hydrocele
60
Congenital abnormality in which the male urethral opening is on the undersurface of the penis, instead of at its tip.
hypospadias
61
Two infants resulting from division of one fertilized egg. Conjoined (“Siamese”) twins are incompletely separated identical twins.
identical twins
62
is the inability of a male to sustain an erection or achieve ejaculation.
impotence
63
In a male, any problem that lowers the chances of his female partner getting pregnant.
infertility
64
Specialized cells that lie adjacent to the seminiferous tubules in the testes. These cells produce testosterone and are also called Leydig cells.
interstitial cells of the testes
65
Lasers also may be used to destroy prostatic tissue and relieve obstruction. A procedure uses a green light laser at the end of an endoscope
laser TURP or GreenLight PVP
66
cells that produce testosterone and are also called interstitial cells of the testes
Leydig cells
67
tying and binding off the vas deferens
ligation
68
no semen at all
aspermia
69
NSU
`n`on`s`pecific `u`rethritis *
(not due to gonorrhea or chlamydia)*
70
`(low numbers` and `poor motility` of `sperm`). The combining form asthen/o means lack of strength.
hint 5 o's
`oligo`astheno`zoospermia`
71
`Scanty` `sperm` count.
oligospermia
72
orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o
testis, testicle
73
Castration in males. Removal (`excision`) of a `testis`.
orchiectomy
74
Surgical `fixation` of an undescended `testis` into the scr`o`tum. (corrects cryptorchidism).
orchiopexy
75
Inflammation of a testis. Caused by injury or by the mumps virus, which also infects the salivary glands.
orchitis
76
Essential distinctive cells of an organ. In the testis, the seminiferous tubules that produce sperm are parenchymal.
parenchymal tissue
77
pen/o
penis
78
Pertaining to the pen`i`s.
penile
-ile means pertaining to.
79
Male external organ of reproduction.
penis
80
Pertaining to the penis and scrotum.
penoscrotal
81
External region between the anus and scrotum in the male. Perineal means pertaining to the perineum.
perineum
82
Abnormal curvature of the penis
Peyronie disease
83
Narrowing (stricture) of the opening of the prepuce over the glans penis. This `abnormal condition ` in adolescent and adult males can inter`f`ere with urination and cause secretions to accumulate under the prepuce, leading to infection. Circumcision is used to correct the condition
phimosis
(phim/o = muzzle)
84
Removal of tissue to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) using a green light laser (“laser TURP”).
`p`hotoselective `v`aporization of the `p`rostate (GreenLight `PVP`)
85
PID
pelvic inflammatory disease
86
PIN
`p`rostatic `intra`epithelial `n`eoplasia; a `precursor of prostate cancer`
87
Foreskin; fold of skin covering the tip of the penis.
prepuce
88
prostat/o
prostate gland
89
Malignant tumor (adenocarcinoma) of the prostate gland.
prostate cancer (carcinoma of the prostate)
90
Exocrine gland at the `base of the male urinary bladder`. The prostate secretes fluid that contributes to semen during ejaculation. HINT: Don’t confuse prostate with prostrate, which means lying down.
prostate gland
91
Removal (`excision`) of the `prostate` gland.
prostatectomy
92
Inflammation of the prostate gland. Bacterial (E. coli) prostatitis often is associated with urethritis and infection of the lower urinary tract.
prostatitis
93
PSA
prostate-specific antigen
94
PSA test
Measurement of levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in the blood.
95
PSMA
prostate-specific membrane antigen
96
PSMA (prostate-specific membrane antigen) PET scan
Radioactive imaging technique to detect prostate cancer metastases.
97
pus-filled
purulent
98
PVP
photoselective vaporization of the prostate; GreenLight PVP
99
RALP
`r`obotic-`a`ssisted `l`aparoscopic `prostate`ctomy
100
is a treatment option for prostate removal.
Robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP)
101
RPR
`r`apid `p`lasma `r`eagin [test];
a test for syphilis
102
External sac that contains the testes.
scrotum
103
Fluid discharged at ejaculation; consisting of sperm cells and secretions from the prostate gland, seminal vesicles, and bulbourethral glands.Spermatozoa (sperm cells) and seminal fluid (prostatic and seminal vesicle secretions), Is the thick, whitish secretion discharged from the urethra during ejaculation. Semen contians sperm.
Semen
104
Microscopic examination of ejaculated fluid. Sperm cells are counted and examined for motility and shape.
semen analysis
105
semen without sperm
Azoospermia
106
semin/i
semen, seed
107
Paired sac-like exocrine glands that secrete fluid (a major component of semen) into the vas deferens.
seminal vesicles
108
Narrow, coiled tubules that produce sperm in the testes. The suffix -ferous means pertaining to bearing, or bearing or carrying.
seminiferous tubules
109
Malignant tumor of a testis.
seminoma
110
Serum levels of hCG and AFP proteins are used as ____ to determine success of treatment.
tumor markers
111
another name for venereal diseases. They occur in both men and women and are some of the most prevalent communicable diseases in the world.
sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) or venereal diseases
112
are infections transmitted by sexual or other genital contact. Also known as STD's.
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
113
Some types of HPV cause ____ and lead to cancer of the cervix as well as cancer in men.
genital warts
114
are cells that develop in the testes.
Sperm (spermatozoa)
115
sperm/o, spermat/o
spermatozoa, semen
116
Formation of sperm cells.
spermatogenesis
117
Sperm cell. (zoon is single cell and zoa is plural)
spermatozoon (plural: spermatozoa)
118
Pertaining to destruction of sperm.Noun suffixes ending in -sis, such as -lysis, form adjectives by dropping the -sis and adding -tic.
spermolytic
119
STD
sexually transmitted disease
120
Procedure that removes a person’s ability to produce or release reproductive cells; removal of testicles, vasectomy, and oophorectomy are ____ procedures.
sterilization
121
STI
sexually transmitted infection
122
another name for stromal tissue
stroma
123
Supportive, connective tissue of an organ, as distinguished from its parenchyma. Also called stroma.
stromal tissue
124
Chronic STI caused by a spirochete (spiral-shaped bacterium).Primary syphilis causes chancre on penis
syphilis
125
terat/o
monster (Greek teras, monster)
126
This tumor occurs in the testes or ovaries and is composed of different types of tissue, such as bone, hair, cartilage, and skin cells. Teratomas in the testes are malignant.
teratoma
127
test/o
testis, testicle
128
human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP).
testicula cancer tumors produce what 2 protiens
129
Pertaining to a testis or `testic`le.The term testis originates from a Latin term meaning witness. In ancient times men wo`ul`d take an oath with one hand on their testes, swe`ar`ing by their manhood to tell the truth.
testicular
130
5 Malignant tumor of the testicles. Testicular cancer or carcinomas in th testes
* seminoma
* Embryonal carcinoma
* teratoma
* choriocarcinoma
* yolk sac tumor
131
Twisting of the spermatic cord. The rotation of the spermatic cord cuts off blood supply to the testis. Torsion occurs most frequently in childhood.
testicular torsion
132
Male gonad (testicle) that produces spermatozoa and testosterone. Remember: Testis means one testicle, and testes are two testicles.
testis (plural: testes)
133
Male hormone secreted by the interstitial tissue of the testes; responsible for male sex characteristics. Ster/o indicates that this is a type of steroid compound.
testosterone
134
the most common testicular cancer
seminoma, arises from embryonic cells in the testes
135
Removal of portions of prostate gland `through` the `urethra`. This procedure treats benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
`t`rans`u`rethral `r`esection of the `p`rostate (TURP)
136
TRUS
`t`rans`r`ectal `u`ltra`s`ound [examination]; test to assess the prostate and guide precise placement of a biopsy needle
137
TUIP
`t`rans`u`rethral `i`ncision of the `p`rostate; successful in less enlarged prostates and less invasive than TURP
138
TUMT
`t`rans`u`rethral `m`icrowave `t`hermotherapy
139
TUNA
`t`rans`u`rethral `n`eedle `a`blation;
radiofrequency energy destroys prostate tissue
140
TURP
transurethral resection of the prostate
141
varic/o
varicose veins
142
Enlarged, dilated veins near the testicle. Vari`oc`cele may be associated with oligospermia and azoospermia. Collection of varicose (swollen, twisted) veins above the testis. See page 300.
`varico`cele
143
Narrow tube (one on each side) carrying sperm from the epididymis toward the urethra. Also called ductus deferens.
vas deferens
144
vas/o
vessel, duct; vas deferens
145
Bilateral surgical removal of a part of the vas deferens. vas/o refers to the vas deferens, and not to any other vessel or duct.
vasectomy
146
Reversal of vasectomy; a urologist rejoins the cut ends of the vas deferens.
`vaso`vas`ostomy`
147
zo/o
animal life
