Chapter 20: Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Flashcards
(184 cards)
1
Q
-gram
A
record
2
Q
-graphy
A
process of recording
3
Q
-lucent
A
to shine
4
Q
-opaque
A
obscure
5
Q
Meaning of the abbreviation:
18F-FDG
A
fluorodeoxyglucose—radiopharmaceutical used in PET scanning; 18F-FDG
6
Q
What is the abbreviation for:
fluorodeoxyglucose—radiopharmaceutical used in PET scanning
A
18F-FDG
7
Q
3 types of radioactive particles
A
alpha particles, beta particles, gamma ray
8
Q
Movement away from the midline of the body.
A
abduction
9
Q
Movement toward the midline of the body.
A
adduction
10
Q
What does this abbriviation stand for?
Angio
A
angiography
11
Q
What is the abbreviation for:
angiography
A
Angio
12
Q
X-ray record of blood vessels.
A
angiogram
13
Q
In this AP x-ray view, x-rays travel from an anteriorly placed source to a posteriorly placed detector (x-ray beam passes from the front to the back of the body).
A
anteroposterior (AP) view
14
Q
AP
A
anteroposterior
15
Q
What is the abbreviation for:
anteroposterior
A
AP
16
Q
Ba
A
barium
17
Q
What is the abbreviation for:
barium
A
Ba
18
Q
BE
A
barium enema. Study is a lower GI series that opacifies the lumen (passageway) of the large intestine using an enema containing barium sulfate. This test has largely been replaced by endoscopy, which allows visualization of the inside of the bowel.
19
Q
What is the abbreviation for:
barium enema. Study is a lower GI series that opacifies the lumen (passageway) of the large intestine using an enema containing barium sulfate. This test has largely been replaced by endoscopy, which allows visualization of the inside of the bowel.
A
BE
20
Q
Uptake of a radioactive substance is measured in bone.
A
bone scan
21
Q
C-spine
A
cervical spine
22
Q
What is the abbreviation for:
cervical spine
A
C-spine
23
Q
X-ray recording of the biliary system performed after injection of contrast into the bile ducts.
(6 syllables)
A
cholangiography
24
Q
Diagnostic x-ray procedure whereby a cross-sectional image of a specific body segment is produced.
A
Computed Tomography (CT)
25
Radiopaque materials (contrast media) are injected to obtain contrast between tissues that would be indistinguishable from one another.
contrast studies
26
CT
`C`omputed `T`omography
27
# What is the abbreviation for:
computed tomography
CT
28
CXR
`c`hest `x`-`r`ay
29
# What is the abbreviation for:
chest x-ray
CXR
30
Decub
`decub`itus—lying down
31
# What is the abbreviation for:
decubitus--lying down
Decub
32
Lying down;
a lateral ____ position is lying down on one’s side.
decubitus
33
DI
`d`iagnostic `i`maging
34
# What is the abbreviation for:
diagnostic imaging
DI
35
DICOM
`d`igital `i`mage `co`mmunication in `m`edicine—standard protocol for storage and transmission of images between imaging devices
36
# What is the abbreviation for:
digital image communication in medicine—standard protocol for storage and transmission of images between imaging devices
DICOM
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a form of x-ray imaging in which digital x-ray detectors are used instead of traditional photographic film. Thus images can be enhanced and transferred easily, and less radiation can be used than in conventional radiography.
digital radiography
38
DSA
`d`igital `s`ubtraction `a`ngiography.
X-ray image of contrast-injected blood vessels
It is produced by taking two x-ray pictures (the first without contrast) and using a computer to subtract obscuring shadows from the second image.
39
# What is the abbreviation for:
digital subtraction angiography. X-ray image of contrast-injected blood vessels is produced by taking two x-ray pictures (the first without contrast) and using a computer to subtract obscuring shadows from the second image.
DSA
40
EBUS
`e`ndo`b`ronchial `u`ltra`s`ound
41
# What is the abbreviation for:
endobronchial ultrasound
EBUS
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EBUS-TBNA
endobronchial ultrasound-guided `t`rans`b`ronchial `n`eedle `a`spiration
43
# What is the abbreviation for:
endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration
EBUS-
TBNA
44
ECHO
`echo`cardiography
45
# What is the abbreviation for:
echocardiography
ECHO
46
# Prefix
echo-
a repeated sound
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Sound waves are used to image the structure of the heart.
echocardiography
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# What does ____ stand for?
ETT-MIBI scan
`e`xercise `t`olerance `t`est combined with the radiopharmaceutical Tc-99m sesti`mibi`
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# What is the abbreviation for:
exercise tolerance test combined with Tc-99m sestimibi
ETT-MIBI scan
50
EUS
`e`ndoscopic `u`ltra`s`onography
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# What is the abbreviation for:
endoscopic ultrasonography
EUS
52
Turning outward
eversion
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Increasing the angle between two bones; straightening out a limb.
extension
54
workers eposed to x-rays must wear a ____ ____. It detects and records the amount of radiation they have been exposed to
film badge
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Decreasing the angle between two bones; bending a limb.
flexion
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Process of using x-rays to produce an realtime image on a fluorescent screen.
fluoroscopy
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# What does this abbreviation mean?
fMRI
`f`unctional `MRI`
measures brain activity by detecting changes associated with blood flow.
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# What is the abbreviation for:
functional MRI
fMRI
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Machine to detect gamma rays emitted from radiopharmaceuticals during scanning for diagnostic purposes.
gamma camera
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High-energy rays emitted by radioactive substances used in tracer studies.
gamma rays
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Gd
`g`a`d`olinium—MRI contrast agent
62
# What is the abbreviation for:
gadolinium—MRI contrast agent
Gd
63
Time required for a radioactive substance to lose half its radioactivity by disintegration.
half-life
64
`X-ray imaging record` of the uterus and fallopian tubes
hysterosalpingogram
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**Ultrasound** imaging of the uterus.
hysterosonogram
66
I-123
isotope of radioactive `i`odine—used in `thyroid` scans
67
# What is the abbreviation for:
isotope of radioactive iodine—used in thyroid scans
I-123
68
# Abbreviation meaning for:
I-131
isotope of radioactive iodine—used in `diagnosis` (thyroid scan) `and treatment` for thyroid cancer
69
# What is the abbreviation for:
isotope of radioactive `i`odine—used in `diagnosis` (thyroid scan) `and treatment` for `thyroid cancer`
I-131
70
Process, test, or procedure is performed, measured, or observed `outside` a living organism, often in a test tube.
in vitro
*In vitro means "in glass" and refers to experiments performed outside of a living organism.*
71
Process, test, or procedure is performed, measured, or observed `within` a living organism.
in vivo
*in vivo means "within the living" and refers to experiments performed within a living organism.*
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Therapeutic or diagnostic procedures performed by a radiologist. Examples are needle biopsy of a mass and drainage of an abscess, typically under the guidance of CT, ultrasound, or fluoroscopy.
interventional radiology
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Turning inward
inversion
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# combining form:
ion/o
ion; to wander
75
Transformation of electrically neutral substances into electrically charged particles. X-rays cause ____ of particles within tissues.
ionization
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# combining form:
is/o
same
77
# Abbreviation meaning for:
IVP
`i`ntra`v`enous `p`yelogram
A `pyelogram` is an imaging exam that may be used to help diagnose urinary tract disorders.
`pyel/o `means renal pelvis.
78
# What is the abbreviation for:
intravenous pyelogram
IVP
79
# Abbreviation meaning for:
KUB
`k`idneys-`u`reters-`b`ladder—x-ray imaging without contrast
80
# What is the abbreviation for:
kidneys-ureters-bladder—x-ray imaging without contrast
KUB
81
L-spine
`l`umbar `spine`
82
# What is the abbreviation for:
Lumbar spine
L-spine
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LAT
`lat`eral
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# What is the abbreviation for:
Lateral
LAT
85
LS films
`l`umbo`s`acral (spine) `films`
86
# What is the abbreviation for:
lumbosacral (spine) films
LS films
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Nuclear medicine imaging that provides pictures (`scinti`grams) of the `lymph`atic system.
lymphoscintigraphy
88
Magnetic field and radio waves produce sagittal, coronal, and axial images of the body.
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
89
uses low-dose x-rays to visualize breast tissue
mammography
90
# Abbreviation meaning for:
MDCT
`m`ulti`d`etector `CT` scanner
91
# What is the abbreviation for:
multidetector CT scanner
MDCT
92
# Abbreviation meaning for:
MR, MRI
magnetic resonance, magnetic resonance imaging
93
# What is the abbreviation for:
magnetic resonance, magnetic resonance imaging
MR, MRI
94
# Abbreviation meaning for:
MRA
`m`agnetic `r`esonance `a`ngiography
95
# What is the abbreviation for:
magnetic resonance angiography
MRA
96
# Abbreviation meaning for:
MRV
`m`agnetic` r`esonance` v`enography
97
# What is the abbreviation for:
magnetic resonance venography
MRV
98
# Abbreviation meaning for:
MUGA
`mu`ltiple-`g`ated `a`cquisition (scan)—radioactive scan that evaluates heart function and blood flow
99
# What is the abbreviation for:
multiple-gated acquisition (scan)—radioactive of heart function
MUGA
100
# combining form:
myel/o
spinal cord; bone marrow
101
X-ray imaging of the spinal cord (myel/o) after injection of contrast agent into the subarachnoid space surrounding the spinal cord. It usually is performed in patients who cannot undergo MRI
myelography
102
Medical specialty that uses radioactive substances (radionuclides) in the diagnosis and treatment of disease.
nuclear medicine
103
physician that specializes in diagnostic radionuclide scanning procedures.
nuclear medicine physician
104
Positioned at an angle; an x-ray view.
oblique view
105
# Abbreviation meaning for:
PA
`p`ostero`a`nterior
106
# What is the abbreviation for:
posteroanterior
PA
107
# Abbreviation meaning for:
PACS
`p`icture `a`rchival and` c`ommunications `s`ystem—provides storage and access for images from multiple modalities.
Replacement of traditional films with digital equivalent
108
# What is the abbreviation for:
picture archival and communications system—provides storage and access for images from multiple modalities.
Replacement of traditional films with digital equivalent
PACS
109
# Abbreviation meaning for:
PET
`p`ositron `e`mission `t`omography
uses positron emitting radioisotope (tracer)
F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)
gives better contrast and spatial resolution (cf. SPECT)
110
# What is the abbreviation for:
positron emission tomography
PET
111
# Abbreviation meaning for:
PET-CT
`p`ositron `e`mission` t`omography–`c`omputed` t`omography—performed using a single machine
112
# What is the abbreviation for:
positron emission tomography–computed tomography—performed using a single machine
PET-CT
113
# Abbreviation meaning for:
PET-MRI
`p`ositron` e`mission` t`omography–`m`agnetic `r`esonance` i`maging
114
# What is the abbreviation for:
positron emission tomography–magnetic resonance imaging
PET-MRI
115
pharmaceut/o
drug
116
scan using positron-emitting radioactive substances given intravenously to create a cross-sectional image of cellular metabolism based on local concentration of the radioactive substance. ____scans give information about metabolic activity.
`p`ositron` e`mission `t`omography (PET)
117
In this position, x-ray beams pass from the back to the front of the body.
posteroanterior (PA) view
118
Lying on the belly (face down, palms down).
prone
119
X-ray record of the kidneys (renal pelvis) and urinary tract after contrast is injected (intravenously or retrograde).
pyelogram
120
# combining form:
radi/o
x-rays; radioactive
121
One who assists a radiologist in performing diagnostic x-ray procedures.
radiographer
122
Test combines `radio`active chemicals and antibodies to detect minute quantities of substances in a patient’s blood.
radioimmunoassay (RIA)
123
Radioactive form of an element substance; also called a radionuclide.
radioisotope
124
Radiopharmaceutical; used in nuclear medicine studies.
radiolabeled compound
125
a physician who specializes in the practice of diagnostic radiology.
radiologist
126
Medical specialty concerned with the study of x-rays and their use in the diagnosis of disease. It includes other forms of energy, such as ultrasound and magnetic waves. Also called diagnostic radiology.
radiology
127
indicating that x-rays pass through easily, areas on x-ray images appear dark or black.
radiolucent
128
material that emit high-speed particles and energy-containig rays from the interior of the matter. The emitted particles and rays are called radioactivity. Radioactive form of an element that gives off energy in the form of radiation; also called a radioisotope.
radionuclide
129
indicating that x-rays do not penetrate areas on x-ray images appear white/light.
radiopaque
130
Radioactive drug (radionuclide plus chemical) that is administered safely for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes; a radiotracer. An example is technetium-99m, which combines with albumin (for lung perfusion) and DTPA (for renal imaging). Also called radiolabeled compound.
radiopharmaceutical
131
# Abbreviation meaning for:
RAIU
`r`adio`a`ctive `i`odine `u`ptake (test)—tests thyroid gland function
Study to evaluate the function of the thyroid gland
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# What is the abbreviation for:
radioactive iodine uptake (test)—tests thyroid gland function
Study to evaluate the function of the thyroid gland
RAIU
133
Lying down (prone or supine).
recumbent
134
# Abbreviation meaning for:
RFA
`r`adio`f`requency `a`blation
135
# What is the abbreviation for:
radiofrequency ablation
RFA
136
# Abbreviation meaning for:
SBFT
`s`mall `b`owel `f`ollow-`t`hrough. Series traces the passage of barium in a sequential manner as it moves through the small intestine.
137
# What is the abbreviation for:
small bowel follow-through. Series traces the passage of barium in a sequential manner as it moves through the small intestine.
SBFT
138
Image of an area, organ, or tissue of the body obtained from ultrasonography, radioactive tracer studies, computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging.
scan
139
Diagnostic nuclear medicine test using radiopharmaceuticals and gamma cameras to create 2D images.
the process of obtaining an image using a radioisotope. The term is derived from Latin scintilla, meaning spark. Bone ____ is commonly called a bone scan, and lung ____ is commonly called a lung scan.
scintigraphy
140
Radioactive tracer is injected intravenously and a computer reconstructs a 3D image based on a composite of many views.
single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)
141
# combining form:
son/o
sound
142
Image of sound waves as they bounce off organs in the body; echogram or ultrasound image.
sonogram
143
# Abbreviation meaning for:
SPECT
`s`ingle `p`hoton `e`mission `c`omputed `t`omography—radioactive substances and a computer create 3D images
uses gamma emitting radioisotope (tracer): like technetium-99m, iodine-123 and, iodine-131
144
# What is the abbreviation for:
single photon emission computed tomography—radioactive substances and a computer create 3D images
uses gamma emitting radioisotope (tracer): like technetium-99m, iodine-123 and, iodine-131
SPECT
145
Lying on the back (face up, palms up).
supine
146
# Abbreviation meaning for:
T-spine
`t`horacic `spine`
147
# What is the abbreviation for:
Thoracic spine
T-spine
148
Attaching a radionuclide to a chemical and following its path in the body.
tagging
149
# Abbreviation meaning for:
Tc-99m
radioactive `t`e`c`hnetium—
common medical isotope used in heart, brain, thyroid, liver, bone, and lung scans
a pure gamma emitter with a half-life of 6 hours. Its properties make it the most frequently used radionuclide in diagnostic imaging.
150
# What is the abbreviation for:
radioactive `t`e`c`hnetiu`m`—common medical isotope used in heart, brain, thyroid, liver, bone, and lung scans
a pure gamma emitter with a half-life of 6 hours. Its properties make it the most frequently used radionuclide in diagnostic imaging.
Tc-99m
151
Technetium Tc99m sestamibi injected intravenously is taken up in cardiac tissue, where it is detected by scanning.
technetium Tc99m sestamibi scan
152
Thallium 201 is injected intravenously to allow for myocardial perfusion and assess damage to heart muscle from heart attacks.
thallium scan
153
# combining form:
therapeut/o
treatment
154
Pertaining to treatment or therapy.
therapeutic
155
Administration of a radioactive compound and visualization of the thyroid gland with a scanning device.
thyroid scan
156
# Abbreviation meaning for:
Tl-201
`t`ha`l`lium-201—radioisotope used in scanning `heart muscle`
157
# What is the abbreviation for:
thallium-201—radioisotope used in scanning heart muscle
Tl-201
158
# combining form:
Tom/o
to cut, as in viewing in slices.
159
# combining form:
Top/o
means place
160
Radionuclides are used as tags, or labels, attached to chemicals and followed as they travel through the body.
tracer studies
161
An instrument used in ultrasonography covered with a thin coating of gel to get good transmission of sound waves.
transducer/probe
162
# Abbreviation meaning for:
UGI
`u`pper `g`astro`i`ntestinal (series) involves oral ingestion of barium sulfate so that the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum can be visualized.
163
# What is the abbreviation for:
upper gastrointestinal (series) involves oral ingestion of barium sulfate so that the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum can be visualized.
UGI
164
# Prefix:
ultra-
beyond
165
Diagnostic technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to produce images of the body.
ultrasonography (US, U/S)
166
Handheld device that sends and receives ultrasound signals.
ultrasound transducer
167
Rate of absorption of a radionuclide into an organ or tissue.
uptake
168
Taking x-ray images of the urinary tract after injecting contrast.
urography
169
# Abbreviation meaning for:
US, U/S
ultrasound; ultrasonography
170
# What is the abbreviation for:
ultrasound; ultrasonography
US, U/S
171
# Abbreviation meaning for:
V/Q scan
`v`entilation-perfusion scan of the lungs
(`Q `stands for rate of blood flow or blood volume)
172
# What is the abbreviation for:
ventilation-perfusion scan of the lungs (Q stands for rate of blood flow or blood volume)
V/Q scan
173
Consists of two scans: a ventilation scan performed using an inhaled radiopharmaceutical and a perfusion scan using an intravenously injected radiopharmaceutical. Used to evaluate for pulmonary embolism.
ventilation-perfusion study (V/Q scan)
174
# combining form:
vitr/o
glass
175
# combining form:
viv/o
life
176
invisible waves of energy that are produced by an energy soucre (such as an ___ machine or cathode ray tube) used in diagnosis and treatment of disease
x-rays
177
Lung study to diagnose a pulmonary embolus
V/Q scan
178
Radiopharmaceutical used in a PET scan
18F-FDG
179
Radioisotope (thallium) used in scanning heart muscle
TI 201
180
Study to evaluate the function of the thyroid gland
RAIU
181
Ultrasound test of the heart
ECHO
182
Common medical radioisotope used in multiple organ scans
Tc 99m
183
# abbreviation meaning:
RP
(retrograde pyelogram): X-ray examination of the kidney after injection of contrast
184
X-ray examination of the kidney after injection of contrast
`R`etrograde `P`yelogram (RP)
