Ch. 3

Question 1

the pancreatic hormones insulin and _____ are responsible for maintaining blood glucose levels

Answer 1

glucagon

Question 2

appetite is triggered by

Answer 2

environmental cues such as the smell or taste of food

Question 3

which physiological trigger will result in the sensation of hunger

Answer 3

low glucose levels

Question 4

hunger is best described as

Answer 4

a physiological desire to consume food

Question 5

hunger, as opposed to appetite, is best described as

Answer 5

a physiological desire or need to consume food

Question 6

the smallest units of matter that normally cannot be broken down are

Answer 6

atoms

Question 7

the human body is organized into the following structural levels

Answer 7

atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, systems

Question 8

our genetic information, in the form of deoxyribonucleic acid is located in the____

Answer 8

nucleus

Question 9

cell membranes are primarily composed of

Answer 9

phsphoipids

Question 10

the powerhous of the cell that produces most of the at is the

Answer 10

mitochondria

Question 11

the term used to describe the process in which foods are broken down into their component molecules is

Answer 11

digestion

Question 12

what is the cephalic phase

Answer 12

earliest phase of digestion when the brain prepares the body in anticipation of food

Question 13

whtn the stomach of an adult is full, it can expand to hold approximately

Answer 13

4cups of food or water

Question 14

the primary function of mucus in the stomach is to

Answer 14

protect the stomach cells from gastric juices

Question 15

the contents of the stomach when food is present is

Answer 15

very acidic

Question 16

where in you rbody does the majority of the digestion and absorption of food occur

Answer 16

small intestine

Question 17

salivary amylase begins the digestion of ____ in the mouth

Answer 17

carbohydrate

Question 18

what part of gastric juices in the stomach kills bacteria and germs you may have consumed

Answer 18

hydrochloric acid

Question 19

what is chyme

Answer 19

mixture of partially digested food, water, and gastric juices

Question 20

the acidity of the stomach allows for all of the following except

Answer 20

preparing dietary carbohydrates for absorption in the small intestine

Question 21

sodim bicarbonate is secreted by the pancreas and functions to _____

Answer 21

neutralize stomach acid

Question 22

the brush border is located in the ____

Answer 22

small intestin

Question 23

what is the name of the sphincter that separates the stomach from the small intestine

Answer 23

pyloric

Question 24

bile is released into the ____ in response to the ingestion of fat in the diet

Answer 24

small intestine

Question 25

bile is made in the liver and stored in the

Answer 25

gallbladder

Question 26

responding to the presence of protein and fat in our meal, cholecystokinin (CCK) signals the gallbladder to release a substance called ______

Answer 26

bile

Question 27

which organ is responsible for manufacturing and secreting digestive enzymes and bicarbonate

Answer 27

pancreas

Question 28

what is the function of the bicarbonate that is realeased into the duodenum during the process of digestion

Answer 28

to neutralize the acidic chyme

Question 29

immediately after absorbtion, most of the fat soluble nutrients are carried through the _____ circulatory system

Answer 29

lymphatic

Question 30

when blood leaves the small intestine, it is routed directly through the portal vein to the

Answer 30

liver

Question 31

after you eat a meal of french fries, cheeseburger, and a chocolate milk shake, the fat in the meal ultimately causes

Answer 31

bile to be secreted into the small intestine to emulsify the fat

Question 32

the enyme pancreatic amylase continues the digestion of

Answer 32

vitamins

Question 33

the pancreatic hormone _____ and also glucagons, are responsible for maintaining blood glucose levels

Answer 33

insulin

Question 34

collectively, the nerves of the gastrointestinal tract are referred to as

Answer 34

enteric

Question 35

appetite is the psychological desire to eat specific foods, and _____ is the physiological sensation that encourages us to seek out food

Answer 35

hunger

Question 36

the _____ is the region of the brain where physiological signals are translated into message to seek food due to hunger

Answer 36

hypothalamus

Question 37

secreted from many glands of the body, _____ are chemical messengers that trigger a physiological response

Answer 37

hormones

Question 38

the macronutrient with the highest satiety value is

Answer 38

protein

Question 39

the _____ is the smallest unit of matter that exhibits the properties of growth, reproduction, and metabolism

Answer 39

cell

Question 40

tiny units of matter that cannot be broken down by natural means are called

Answer 40

atoms

Question 41

a _____ is a functional grouping of similar cells that are joined together to form functional sheets or chords of cells

Answer 41

tissue

Question 42

tight rings of muscles that control the movement of food through the organs of the gastrointestinal tract are

Answer 42

sphincters

Question 43

the human gi tract is approximately _____ feet long

Answer 43

30

Question 44

mechanical digestion begins in the

Answer 44

mouth

Question 45

carbohydrate digestion begins in the

Answer 45

mouth

Question 46

once food is swallowed, a tiny flap of tissue called the _____ keeps it from entering the trachea

Answer 46

epiglottis

Question 47

the wave like contraction that move food along the gi tract are called

Answer 47

peristalsis

Question 48

the major site of nutrient absorption in the body is the small

Answer 48

intestine

Question 49

the _____ concentrates and stores bile

Answer 49

gallbladder

Question 50

inside each villus of the small intestine are capillaries and a small lymph vessel called a

Answer 50

lacteal

Question 51

a painful sensation in the chest that results from gastric juices seeping back up into the esophagus is called

Answer 51

heartburn

Question 52

the nerves of the gi tract are collectively known as the _____ nervous system

Answer 52

enteric