Flashcards in Ch. 8 Deck (38):
1
the smallest physical units of a substance are
atoms
2
carbon and hydrogen are two examples of
atoms
3
in an atom, the nucleus has a positive charge and the electrons orbiting around the nucleus have a ___ charge
negative
4
a chemical reaction in which atoms lose electrons is
oxidation
5
what is not true about free radicals
our body has no mechanism to combat free radicals
6
what is an exchange reaction
a two-part metabolic reaction that involves a loss and gain of electrons
7
free radicals
are formed by exposure to air polllution and tobacco smoke
8
what is a required componet of an antioxidant enzyme system
antioxidant minerals
9
how do antioxidant minerals stabilize free radicals
break down and convert them to less damaging molecules
10
what disease has not been linked to free radical damange
type 1 diabetes
11
examples of antioxidant enxyme systems include superoxide dismutase, ___, and glutathione peroxidase
catalase
12
the most powerful and abundant form of vitamin e is
alpha-tocopherol
13
which water-soluble vitamin can regenerate vitamin e after it has been oxidized
vitamin c
14
about 90% of vitamin e is stored in
adipose tissue
15
what is not a function of vitamin e
improving the absorption of vitamin c if dietary intake is low
16
what food is rich in sources of vitamin e
mayonnaise, begetable oils, nuts, and seeds
17
taking vitamin e suplements along with ___ can cause uncontrollable bleeding
anticoagulants
18
a deficiency of ___ can result in the erythrocyte hemolysis, leading to anemia
vitamin e
19
what nutrient requires the most frequent consumption to assure adequate body stores
vitamin c
20
the deficiency disease associated with vitamin c is
scurvy
21
what is false about vitamin c
smokers sould consume less vitamin c than non smokers
22
what increases the rda fro vitamin c
smoking cigarettes
23
what cooking method would destroy the most vitamin c in food
boiling
24
what is a rich source of vitamin c
green and red peppers
25
consuming even moderately excessive doses of vitamin c supplements would be most harmful to individuals suffering from
hemochromatosis
26
symptoms of a vitamin c deficiency include
bleeding gums and loose teeth
27
beta-carotene is a precursor of
retinol
28
what is not true about carotenoids
beta-carotene is the only cartenoid that functions as an antioxidant
29
most of the bodys vitamin a is stores in the
liver
30
the most critical role that vitamin a plays in the human body is
maintaining healthy vision
31
the light sensitive pigment found in rod cells is formed by retinal and opsin is
rhodopsin
32
what food would be the best dietary source of preformed vitamin a
egg
33
both keshan disease and kashin-beck disease are associated with a ___ deficiency
selenium
34
what is false about the mineral selenium
selenium is present only in foods of animal origin
35
what hormone requires selenium for its synthesis
thyroxine
36
where does the body store selenium
in amino acids in the body
37
diseases that cause the malbsorption of fat can result in a deficiency of ___
vitamin a
38