Ch. 4

Question 1

what carbohydrate is the end product of photosynthesis

Answer 1

glucose

Question 2

carbohydrates contain

Answer 2

carbon, hydroen ad oxygen

Question 3

a disaccharide is formed by he chemical bonding of

Answer 3

two monosaccharides

Question 4

what is the major monosaccharide found in the body

Answer 4

glucose

Question 5

fructose is also known as

Answer 5

levulose

Question 6

which of the following is a monosaccharide

Answer 6

galactose

Question 7

when fructose and glucose are bonded together, they form ____ sugar

Answer 7

table

Question 8

the term complex carbohydrates refers to

Answer 8

polysaccharides

Question 9

the storage form of glucose in animals found in the liver and skeletal muscle is

Answer 9

glycogen

Question 10

in the body, the major storage sites for glycogen are the muscles and

Answer 10

liver

Question 11

which of the following enzymes is found in the mouth

Answer 11

salivary amylase

Question 12

a technique employed by some endurance athletes to increase their storage of muscle glycogen is

Answer 12

carbohydrate loading

Question 13

gluconeogenesis is

Answer 13

the synthesis of new glucose from amino acids

Question 14

which of the following are the preferred fuels for most body functions

Answer 14

carbohydrate and fat

Question 15

insulin is synthesized and released by the

Answer 15

pancreas

Question 16

which of the following hormones is released when your blood sugar is too high

Answer 16

insulin

Question 17

after a meal, which hormone is responsible for moving glucose into the body’s cells

Answer 17

insulin

Question 18

which of the following best describes the glycemic index

Answer 18

the extent to which a given food raises blood glucose and insulin

Question 19

which of the following is an example of a soluble fiber

Answer 19

pectins

Question 20

in the absence of carbohydrate, _____ are produced from the incomplete breakdown of body fat

Answer 20

ketones

Question 21

which of the following is associated with the development of ketosis

Answer 21

a diet that contains insufficient carbohydrate

Question 22

what is not a symptom of ketosis

Answer 22

high blood cholesterol

Question 23

a diet low in fiber is associated with an increased risk of developing

Answer 23

diverticulosis

Question 24

insoluble fiber consumption i associated with decreased

Answer 24

risk of diverticulosis

Question 25

which of the following are substances in plant foods that are not absorbed by the body

Answer 25

dietary fiber

Question 26

mucilage is a type of fiber used to

Answer 26

thicken jams and yogurts

Question 27

how many grams of carbohydrate per day are recommended to prevent ketosis in health individuals

Answer 27

130 grams

Question 28

what is not a health problem related to eating too much sugar

Answer 28

hyperactivity in children

Question 29

sugar alcohols are most often used in what products

Answer 29

chewing gums

Question 30

which artificial sweetener was almost banned because of a proposed relationship with bladder cancer

Answer 30

saccharin

Question 31

individuals with the disease phenylketonuris (PKU) should not consume artificial sweetener aspartame, why?

Answer 31

people with PKU can not metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine

Question 32

individuals with untreated _____ are at risk for developing ketoaciosis

Answer 32

diabetes mellitus

Question 33

the richest dietary source of resistant starch is

Answer 33

legumes

Question 34

why is meat not a good dietary source of glycogen

Answer 34

most of the glycogen found in meat is broken down when the animal is slaughtered

Question 35

the insoluble fiber that provides the main structural component of plant cell walls is

Answer 35

cellulose

Question 36

what hormone is not involved in maintaining blood glucose levels

Answer 36

thyroxin

Question 37

what is the recommended dietary allowance for carbohydrates for an adult 19 years of age or older

Answer 37

130

Question 38

the term enriched on a food label signifies that

Answer 38

the nutrients in the food were lost during processing and then added back in

Question 39

what artificial sweetener is made from sucrose

Answer 39

sucralose

Question 40

red blood cells and the brain rely on _____ for energy

Answer 40

glucose

Question 41

in photosynthesis the pigment _____ absorbs sunlight to make glucose

Answer 41

chlorophyll

Question 42

lactose is composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of

Answer 42

galactose

Question 43

the storage form of glucose in animals is

Answer 43

glycogen

Question 44

the majority of _____ digestion and absorption occurs in the small intestine

Answer 44

carbohydrate

Question 45

in the body, glycogen is stored in the _____ and the skeletal muscles

Answer 45

liver

Question 46

when blood glucose levels drop, the hormone _____ brings glucose out of storage to raise blood glucose levels

Answer 46

glucagon

Question 47

the term _____ refers to the production of new glucose from the breakdown of protein

Answer 47

gluconeogenisis

Question 48

the _____ load of a food is determined by the grams of carbohydrate it contains multiplied by its glycemic index

Answer 48

glycemic

Question 49

people with the disorder _____ should not consume aspartame

Answer 49

phynylketonuria

Question 50

a _____ food is one in which nutrients are added that did not originally exist in that food

Answer 50

fortified

Question 51

a lack of fiber in the diet can lead to sacs or pouches that protrude form the wall of the large intestine in the disease called

Answer 51

diverticulosis

Question 52

ketones are produced for energy when fat is broken down because _____ intake is insufficient

Answer 52

carbohydrate

Question 53

dietary fiber is the nondigestible parts of plants that form the support structures of leaves, stems, and seeds; _____ fiber is the nondigstible forms of carbohydrate extracted from plants or manufactured in a laboratory

Answer 53

functional

Question 54

the enzyme _____ amylase is responsible for carbohydrate digestion in the mouth

Answer 54

salivary

Question 55

the primary energy source used by the body at rest is

Answer 55

fat

Question 56

a condition marked by blood glucose levels that are below normal fasting levels is

Answer 56

hypoglycemia