Flashcards in Ch 5 - Microbial Growth Deck (39)
1
cell division following enlargement of a cell to twice its minimum size
Binary fission
2
forms ring around center of cell
ftsZ
3
major shape-determining factor in prokaryotes
mreB
4
Forms simple cytoskeleton in Bacteria and probably Archaea
mreB
5
Localizes synthesis of new peptidoglycan and other cell wall components to specific locations along the cylinder of a rod-shaped cell during growth
mreB
6
in _____, cell walls grow in opposite directions outward from the FtsZ ring
Cocci
7
in _________, growth occurs at several points along length of the cell
rod-shaped cells
8
where two daughter cells begin to separate
septum
9
these are the most important proteins in cell division
FTS Proteins (ftsZ, in particular)
10
small openings in the wall are created by _______.
autolysins
11
junction between new and old peptidoglycan
wall band
12
next to last step in cell wall synthesis
Transglycosylation
13
final step in cell wall synthesis
Transpeptidation
14
Forms the carbohydrate cross-links
transglycosylation
15
Forms the peptide cross-links between muramic acid residues in adjacent glycan chains
transpeptidation
16
time required for microbial cells to double in number
generation time
17
growth of a microbial population in which cell numbers double within a specific time interval
exponential growth
18
a closed-system microbial culture of fixed volume
batch culture
19
an open-system microbial culture of fixed volume
continuous culture
20
most common type of continuous culture device
chemostat
21
in ______ culture, it is impossible to independently control both growth parameters
batch
22
uses laser beams, fluorescent dyes, and electronics to measure # of live and dead cells
flow cytometry
23
the (higher/lower) the Opitical Density in a spectrophotometer reading, the more bacterial growth
higher
24
the minimum, optimum, and maximum temperatures at which an organism grows
cardinal temperatures
25
low temperature microorganisms
psychrophile
26
midrange temperature microorganisms
mesophile
27
high temperature microorganisms
thermophile
28
very high temperature microorganisms
Hyperthermophile
29
organisms that grow best at low pH (<6)
acidophiles
30
organisms that grow best at high pH (>9)
alkaliphiles
31
organisms that grow best at reduced water potential
halophiles
32
organisms that require high levels (15–30%) of NaCl for growth
extreme halophiles
33
organisms that can tolerate some reduction in water activity of environment but generally grow best in the absence of the added solute
halotolerant
34
organisms that can tolerate some reduction in water activity of environment but generally grow best in the absence of the added solute
aerobes
35
do not require oxygen and may even be killed by exposure
anaerobes
36
can live with or without oxygen
facultative organisms
37
can tolerate oxygen and grow in its presence even though they cannot use it
aerotolerant anaerobes
38
can use oxygen only when it is present at levels reduced from that in air
microaerophiles
39