Ch 10 - Genetics of Bacteria and Archaea Flashcards
(44 cards)
Heritable change in DNA sequence that can lead to a change in phenotype
mutation
A strain of any cell or virus differing from parental strain in genotype
mutant
Typically refers to strain isolated from nature
wild type strain
mutations that give the mutant a growth advantage under certain conditions
selectable mutations
mutations that usually have neither an advantage nor a disadvantage over the parent
nonselectable mutations
Detection of such mutations requires examining a large number of colonies and looking for differences (screening)
nonselectable mutations
_______ __________ is useful for identification of cells with a nutritional requirement for growth
Replica plating
Mutations made environmentally or deliberately
induced mutations
mutations that Can result from exposure to natural radiation or oxygen radicals
induced mutations
mutations that occur without external intervention
spontaneous mutations
Mutations that change only one base pair
point mutations
Deletions or insertions that result in a shift in the reading frame
frameshift mutations
Often result in complete loss of gene function
frameshift mutations
process where point mutations are typically reversible
reversion
Strain in which original phenotype is restored
revertant
mutation is at the same site as original mutation
same-site revertant
mutation is at a different site in the DNA
second-site revertant
chemical, physical, or biological agents that increase mutation rates
mutagens
mutagens that resemble nucleotides
Nucleotide base analogs
give an example of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation
radiation
______ and ______strongly absorb UV
Purines and pyrimidines
give an example of ionizing mutagenic electromagnetic radiation
x-rays, cosmic rays, gamma rays
this type of electromagneti radiation Ionizes water and produce free radicals
ionizing
DNA repair system where mutated base is still recognizable and can be repaired without referring to other strand
direct reversal
