Flashcards in Ch 4 - Nutrition, Culture, and Metabolism of Microorganisms Deck (51)
1
The sum total of all chemical reactions that occur in a cell
metabolism
2
Energy-releasing metabolic reactions
catabolic reactions
3
Energy-requiring metabolic reactions
anabolic reactions
4
iron under anoxic conditions, exist in which form (Fe2+/Fe3+) and (soluble/insoluble).
Fe2+ and soluble
5
iron under oxic conditions, exist in which form (Fe2+/Fe3+) and (soluble/insoluble).
Fe3+ and insoluble
6
these iron-binding agents obtain iron from insoluble mineral form
siderophores
7
a culture media where precise chemical composition is known
Defined media
8
a culture media composed of digests of chemically undefined substances
complex media
9
culture containing only a single kind of microbe
pure culture
10
unwanted organisms in a culture
contaminants
11
unit of measurement for energy
kJ
12
energy released that is available to do work
free energy
13
change in free energy during a reaction
delta G0′
14
Reactions with a negative delta G0′ release/require free energy
release
15
Reactions with a positive delta G0′ release/require energy
require
16
Reactions with a negative delta G0′ release free energy
exergonic
17
Reactions with a positive delta G0′ require energy
endergonic
18
free energy that occurs under actual conditions
delta G
19
delta G =
delta G0′ + RT ln K
20
energy required to bring all molecules in a chemical reaction into the reactive state
activation energy
21
substance that Lowers the activation energy of a reaction
catalyst
22
substance that Increases reaction rate
catalyst
23
Are enzymes generally larger or smaller than the substrate?
larger
24
region of enzyme that binds substrate
ACTIVE SITE
25
cleaves peptidoglycan
lysozyme
26
non protein molecules that bind tightly to enzymes
prosthetic group
27
non protein molecules bound loosely to enzymes
coenzymes
28
redox reactions occur in two ____ ______.
half reactions
29
the substance oxidized in a redox reaction
electron donor
30
the substance reduced in a redox reaction
electron acceptor
31
tendency to donate electrons
electron potential
32
unit of measurement for electron potential
volts
33
is the substance at the top of a redox tower reduced or oxidized?
reduced
34
is the substance at the bottom of a redox tower reduced or oxidized?
oxidized
35
the substance at the top of the tower donates/accepts electrons
donates
36
the substance at the bottom of the tower donates/accepts electrons
accepts
37
where is energy stored in prokaryotes?
glycogen
38
where is energy stored in eukaryotes?
starch and lipids
39
substrate-level phosphorylation; ATP directly synthesized from an energy-rich intermediate
fermentation
40
oxidative phosphorylation
respiration
41
ATP produced from proton motive force formed by transport of electrons
respiration
42
Oxidation using O2 as the terminal electron acceptor
aerobic respiration
43
Proteins that contain heme prosthetic groups
cytochromes
44
during electron transfer, do protons end up on the inside or outside of the membrane?
outside
45
pathway through which pyruvate is completely oxidized to CO2
citric acid cycle
46
how many CO2 molecules are released in the citric acid cycle per glucose molecule
6
47
Synthesis of glucose from phosphoenolpyruvate
gluconeogenesis
48
Adenine and guanine - Purines or Pyrimidines?
purines
49
Thymine, cytosine, and uracil - purines or pyrimidines?
pyrimidines
50
what are the two major modes of enzyme regulation?
amount and activity
51