Ch 4 - Nutrition, Culture, and Metabolism of Microorganisms

Question 1

The sum total of all chemical reactions that occur in a cell

Answer 1

metabolism

Question 2

Energy-releasing metabolic reactions

Answer 2

catabolic reactions

Question 3

Energy-requiring metabolic reactions

Answer 3

anabolic reactions

Question 4

iron under anoxic conditions, exist in which form (Fe2+/Fe3+) and (soluble/insoluble).

Answer 4

Fe2+ and soluble

Question 5

iron under oxic conditions, exist in which form (Fe2+/Fe3+) and (soluble/insoluble).

Answer 5

Fe3+ and insoluble

Question 6

these iron-binding agents obtain iron from insoluble mineral form

Answer 6

siderophores

Question 7

a culture media where precise chemical composition is known

Answer 7

Defined media

Question 8

a culture media composed of digests of chemically undefined substances

Answer 8

complex media

Question 9

culture containing only a single kind of microbe

Answer 9

pure culture

Question 10

unwanted organisms in a culture

Answer 10

contaminants

Question 11

unit of measurement for energy

Answer 11

kJ

Question 12

energy released that is available to do work

Answer 12

free energy

Question 13

change in free energy during a reaction

Answer 13

delta G0′

Question 14

Reactions with a negative delta G0′ release/require free energy

Answer 14

release

Question 15

Reactions with a positive delta G0′ release/require energy

Answer 15

require

Question 16

Reactions with a negative delta G0′ release free energy

Answer 16

exergonic

Question 17

Reactions with a positive delta G0′ require energy

Answer 17

endergonic

Question 18

free energy that occurs under actual conditions

Answer 18

delta G

Question 19

delta G =

Answer 19

delta G0′ + RT ln K

Question 20

energy required to bring all molecules in a chemical reaction into the reactive state

Answer 20

activation energy

Question 21

substance that Lowers the activation energy of a reaction

Answer 21

catalyst

Question 22

substance that Increases reaction rate

Answer 22

catalyst

Question 23

Are enzymes generally larger or smaller than the substrate?

Answer 23

larger

Question 24

region of enzyme that binds substrate

Answer 24

ACTIVE SITE

Question 25

cleaves peptidoglycan

Answer 25

lysozyme

Question 26

non protein molecules that bind tightly to enzymes

Answer 26

prosthetic group

Question 27

non protein molecules bound loosely to enzymes

Answer 27

coenzymes

Question 28

redox reactions occur in two ____ ______.

Answer 28

half reactions

Question 29

the substance oxidized in a redox reaction

Answer 29

electron donor

Question 30

the substance reduced in a redox reaction

Answer 30

electron acceptor

Question 31

tendency to donate electrons

Answer 31

electron potential

Question 32

unit of measurement for electron potential

Answer 32

volts

Question 33

is the substance at the top of a redox tower reduced or oxidized?

Answer 33

reduced

Question 34

is the substance at the bottom of a redox tower reduced or oxidized?

Answer 34

oxidized

Question 35

the substance at the top of the tower donates/accepts electrons

Answer 35

donates

Question 36

the substance at the bottom of the tower donates/accepts electrons

Answer 36

accepts

Question 37

where is energy stored in prokaryotes?

Answer 37

glycogen

Question 38

where is energy stored in eukaryotes?

Answer 38

starch and lipids

Question 39

substrate-level phosphorylation; ATP directly synthesized from an energy-rich intermediate

Answer 39

fermentation

Question 40

oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 40

respiration

Question 41

ATP produced from proton motive force formed by transport of electrons

Answer 41

respiration

Question 42

Oxidation using O2 as the terminal electron acceptor

Answer 42

aerobic respiration

Question 43

Proteins that contain heme prosthetic groups

Answer 43

cytochromes

Question 44

during electron transfer, do protons end up on the inside or outside of the membrane?

Answer 44

outside

Question 45

pathway through which pyruvate is completely oxidized to CO2

Answer 45

citric acid cycle

Question 46

how many CO2 molecules are released in the citric acid cycle per glucose molecule

Answer 46

6

Question 47

Synthesis of glucose from phosphoenolpyruvate

Answer 47

gluconeogenesis

Question 48

Adenine and guanine - Purines or Pyrimidines?

Answer 48

purines

Question 49

Thymine, cytosine, and uracil - purines or pyrimidines?

Answer 49

pyrimidines

Question 50

what are the two major modes of enzyme regulation?

Answer 50

amount and activity

Question 51

different enzymes that catalyze the same function

Answer 51

Isoenzymes