Microorganisms (Wk 1)

Question 1

study of all of the genetic material (DNA) in living cells

Answer 1

Genomics

Question 2

Manipulation of cellular genomes

Answer 2

biotechnology

Question 3

study of RNA patterns

Answer 3

Transcriptomics

Question 4

study of all the proteins produced by cell(s)

Answer 4

Proteomics

Question 5

study of metabolic expression in cells

Answer 5

metabolomics

Question 6

Barrier that separates the inside of the cell from the outside environment

Answer 6

cell membrane

Question 7

Present in most microbes, confers structural strength

Answer 7

cell wall

Question 8

chemical transformation of nutrients

Answer 8

metabolism

Question 9

generation of two cells from one

Answer 9

reproduction

Question 10

genetic changes in cells that are transferred to offspring

Answer 10

evolution

Question 11

what are the 3 properties of all cells?

Answer 11

1) metabolism 2) reproduction 3) evolution

Question 12

synthesis of new substances or structures that modify the cell

Answer 12

differentiation

Question 13

generation of, and response to, chemical signals

Answer 13

communication

Question 14

protein catalysts of the cell that accelerate chemical reactions

Answer 14

enzymes

Question 15

DNA produces RNA

Answer 15

transcription

Question 16

RNA makes protein

Answer 16

translation

Question 17

Populations of interacting assemblages of microbes in nature

Answer 17

microbial communities

Question 18

The environment in which a microbial population lives

Answer 18

habitat

Question 19

All living organisms plus physical and chemical constituents of their environment

Answer 19

ecosystem

Question 20

The study of microbes in their natural environment

Answer 20

microbial ecology

Question 21

common ancestral cell from which all cells descended

Answer 21

LUCA - last universal common ancestor

Question 22

The atmosphere was ______until ~2 billion years ago

Answer 22

anoxic

Question 23

Earth is _______ years old

Answer 23

4.6 billion

Question 24

Life was exclusively ______ until ~1 billion years ago

Answer 24

microbial

Question 25

Most microbial cells are found in _______and ________ subsurfaces

Answer 25

oceanic, terrestrial

Question 26

Give examples of microbes as biofuels

Answer 26

methane, ethanol, hydrogen

Question 27

using microbes to clean up pollutants

Answer 27

bioremediation

Question 28

Early microscopist that observed fruiting molds

Answer 28

Robert Hooke

Question 29

First microscopist to observe bacteria

Answer 29

Antoni van Leeuwenhoek

Question 30

Invented first vaccine (small pox)

Answer 30

Edward Jenner

Question 31

Disproved spontaneous generation

Answer 31

Louis Pasteur

Question 32

invented vaccines for rabies and anthrax

Answer 32

Louis Pasteur

Question 33

responsible for pure cultures

Answer 33

Robert Koch

Question 34

Identified infectious agents of cholera and TB

Answer 34

Robert Koch

Question 35

His hypothesis stated: material in dead bacterial cells can genetically transform living bacterial cells

Answer 35

Fred Griffith

Question 36

Field that focuses on nonmedical aspects of microbiology

Answer 36

microbial diversity

Question 37

1st to study microbial diversity and developed enrichment culture technique

Answer 37

Martinus Beijerinck

Question 38

Proposed concept of chemolithotrophy

Answer 38

Sergei Winogradsky

Question 39

Oxidation of inorganic compounds linked to energy conservation

Answer 39

chemolithotrophy

Question 40

The science of grouping and classifying microorganisms

Answer 40

microbial systematics

Question 41

Study of the nutrients that microbes require for metabolism and growth and the products that they generate

Answer 41

microbial physiology

Question 42

Study of cellular structure

Answer 42

cytology

Question 43

these subdisciplines of applied microbiology have roots in Koch’s work. ______ and _______

Answer 43

medical microbiology & immunology

Question 44

these subdisciplines of applied microbiology developed from concepts developed by Beijerinck & Winogradsky. ______ and ________

Answer 44

Agricultural & industrial microbiology

Question 45

these subdisciplines of applied microbiology developed from advances in soil microbiology

Answer 45

Aquatic & marine microbiology

Question 46

Study of microbial enzymes and chemical reactions

Answer 46

microbial biochemistry

Question 47

Study of heredity and variation in bacteria

Answer 47

Bacterial genetics

Question 48

Study of viruses

Answer 48

virology