Flashcards in Lecture 19 - Ch 32 Epidemiology Deck (26)
1
The study of the occurrence, distribution, and determinants of health and disease in a population
Epidemiology
2
host and pathogen survive
chronic infections
3
pathogen can be selective force
acute infections
4
disease occurs in a large number of people in a population at the same time
epidemic
5
disease occurs in a large number of people in a population at the same time (world-wide)
pandemic
6
disease is constantly present in a population, usually at low incidences
endemic
7
The _______ of a disease is the number of new cases of the disease in a given period of time
incidence
8
The ________ of a disease is the total number of new and existing cases in a population in a given time
prevalence
9
Diseased individuals who show no or mild symptoms have ___________
subclinical infections
10
Subclinical individuals are called
carriers
11
the incidence of death in a population
mortality
12
the incidence of disease including fatal and nonfatal diseases
morbidity
13
the organism invades and colonizes the host
infection
14
the time between infection and onset of symptoms
incubation period
15
the disease is at its height
acute period
16
disease symptoms are subsiding
decline period
17
patient regains strength and returns to normal
convalescent period
18
sites in which infectious agents remain viable and from which infection of individuals can occur
reservoirs
19
any disease that primarily infects animals, but is occasionally transmitted to humans
zoonosis
20
Pathogen-infected individuals showing no signs of clinical disease
carriers
21
the resistance of a group to infection due to immunity of a high proportion of the group
herd immunity
22
an infectious agent acquired at a healthcare facility
nosocomial infections
23
Restricts the movement of an individual with an active infection
quarantine
24
Diseases that suddenly become prevalent are
emergent
25
diseases that have become prevalent after having been under control
reemerging
26