CHAPTER 10 Vocab A-G

Question 1

Changing existing mental structures to explain new experiences

Answer 1

Accomodation

Question 2

The age at which a baby can survive in the event of premature birth

Answer 2

Age of Viability

Question 3

The principal class of gonadal hormones in males

Answer 3

Androgens

Question 4

The belief that all things are living

Answer 4

Animism

Question 5

Interpreting new experiences in terms of existing mental structures without changing them

Answer 5

Assimilation

Question 6

A close, emotional bond of affection between infants and their caregivers

Answer 6

Attachent

Question 7

An in-depth investigation of an individual subject

Answer 7

Case study

Question 8

The tendency to focus on just one feature of a problem, neglecting other important aspects

Answer 8

Centration

Question 9

The head-to-foot direction of motor development

Answer 9

Cephalocaudal trend

Question 10

Threadlike strands of DNA molecules that carry genetic info

Answer 10

Chromosomes

Question 11

Transitions in youngster’ patterns of thinking, including reasoning, remembering and problem solving

Answer 11

Cognitive development

Question 12

An intent to maintain a relationship in spite of the difficulties and costs that may arise

Answer 12

Commitment

Question 13

Piaget’s term for the awareness that physical quantities remain constant in spite of changes in their shape or appearance

Answer 13

Conservation

Question 14

The structure that connects the two cerebral hemispheres

Answer 14

Corpus callosum

Question 15

A research design in which investigators compare groups of subjects of differing age who are observed at a single point in time

Answer 15

Cross-sectional design

Question 16

One’s ability to apply acquired skills and knowledge in problem solving

Answer 16

Crystallized intelligence

Question 17

An abnormal conditioned marked by multiple cognitive defects that include memory impairment

Answer 17

Dementia

Question 18

The sequence of age-related changes that occur as a person progresses from conception to death

Answer 18

Development

Question 19

The average age at which individuals display various behaviors and abilites

Answer 19

Developmental norms

Question 20

An increase in the strength of a habituated response elicited by a new stimulus

Answer 20

Disinhabitation

Question 21

A limited ability to share another person’s viewpoint

Answer 21

Egocentrism

Question 22

The second stage of prenatal development, lasting from two weeks until the end of the second month

Answer 22

Embryonic stage

Question 23

A subjective conscious experience (cognitive component) accompanied by bodily arousal (physiological component) and by characteristic overt expressions (behavioral component)

Answer 23

Emotion

Question 24

Chronological or temporally dated recollections of personal experiences

Answer 24

Episodic memory system

Question 25

The principal class of gonadal hormones in females

Answer 25

Estrogens

Question 26

A sequence of stages that families tend to progress through

Answer 26

Family life ccle

Question 27

A collection of congenital (inborn) problems associated with excessive alcohol use during pregnancy

Answer 27

Fetal alcohol syndrome

Question 28

The third stage of prenatal development, lasting from two months though birth

Answer 28

Fetal stage

Question 29

A physiological reaction to threat in which the autonomic nervous system mobilizes the organism for attacking or fleeing

Answer 29

Fight-or-Flight response

Question 30

One's reasoning ability, memory capacity, and speed of information processing

Answer 30

Fluid intelligence

Question 31

Culturally constructed distinctions between masculinity and femininity

Answer 31

Gender

Question 32

Actual disparities between the sexes in typical behavior or average ability

Answer 32

Gender differences

Question 33

Expectations about what is appropriate behavior for each sex

Answer 33

Gender roles

Question 34

Widely held beliefs about males' and females' abilities, personality traits, and behavior

Answer 34

Gender stereotypes

Question 35

DNA segments that serve as the key functional units in hereditary transmission

Answer 35

Genes

Question 36

The first phase of prenatal development, encompassing the first two weeks after conception

Answer 36

Germinal stage