CHAPTER 4 Vocab

Question 1

A variety of beverages containing ethyl alcohol

Answer 1

Alcohol

Question 2

The afferent fibers running through the reticular formation that influences physiological arousal

Answer 2

Ascending reticular activating system

Question 3

Periodic fluctuations in physiological functioning

Answer 3

Biological rhythms

Question 4

The hemp plant from which marijuana, hashish, and THC are derived

Answer 4

Cannabis

Question 5

The 24-hour biological cycles found in humans and many other species

Answer 5

Circadian rhythms

Question 6

A hypothetical process involving the gradual conversion of information into durable memory codes stored in long-term memory

Answer 6

Consolidation

Question 7

A splitting of of mental processes into two separate, simultaneous streams of awareness

Answer 7

Dissociation

Question 8

A device that monitors the electrical activity of the brain over time by means of recording electrodes attached to the surface of the scalp

Answer 8

Electroencephalograph

Question 9

A device that records muscular activity and tension

Answer 9

Electromyograph

Question 10

A device that records eye movements

Answer 10

Electrooculograph

Question 11

The entire family of internally produced chemicals that resemble opiates in structure and effects

Answer 11

Endorphins

Question 12

A diverse group of drugs that have powerful effects on mental and emotional functioning, marked most prominently by distortions in sensory and perceptual experience

Answer 12

Hallucinogens

Question 13

A systematic procedure that typically produces a heightened state of suggestibility

Answer 13

Hypnosis

Question 14

Chronic problems in getting adequate sleep

Answer 14

Insomnia

Question 15

According to Freud, the hidden or disguised meaning of the events in a dream

Answer 15

Latent content

Question 16

A relatively durable change in behavior or knowledge that is due to experience

Answer 16

Learing

Question 17

Dreams in which people can think clearly about the circumstances of waking life and the fact that they are dreaming yet they remain asleep in the midst of a vivid dream

Answer 17

Lucid Dreaming

Question 18

According to Freud, the plot of a dream at a surface level

Answer 18

Manifest content

Question 19

A compound drug related to both amphetamines and hallucinogens, especially mescaline, commonly called “ecstasy “

Answer 19

MDMA

Question 20

A family of mental exercises in which a conscious attempt is made to focus attention in a nonanalytical way

Answer 20

Meditation

Question 21

A disease marked by sudden and irresistible onsets of sleep during normal waking periods

Answer 21

Narcolepsy

Question 22

Drugs derived from opium that are capable of relieving pain

Answer 22

Narcotics

Question 23

Abrupt awakenings from NREM sleep accompanied by intense automonic arousal and feelings of panic

Answer 23

Night terrors

Question 24

Anxiety-arousing dreams that lead to awakening, usually from REM sleep

Answer 24

Nightmares

Question 25

Sleep stages 1 through 4 which are marked by an absence of rapid eye movements, relatively little dreaming, and varied EEG activity

Answer 25

Non-REM sleep

Question 26

Drugs derived from opium that are capable of relieving pain

Answer 26

Opiates

Question 27

The condition that exists when a person must continue to take a drug to avoid withdrawal illness

Answer 27

Physical dependence

Question 28

Teh fact that a subjects' expectations can lead them to experience some change even though they receive an empty, fake, or ineffectual treatment

Answer 28

Placebo effects

Question 29

Chemical substances that modify metal, emotional, or behavior functioning

Answer 29

Psychoactive drugs

Question 30

The condition that exists when a person must continue to take a drug in order to satisfy intense mental and emotional craving for the drug

Answer 30

Psychological dependence

Question 31

A deep stage of sleep marked by rapid eye movements, high frequency brain waves, and dreaming

Answer 31

REM sleep

Question 32

The process in which neurotransmitters are sponged up from the synaptic cleft by the presynaptiic membrane

Answer 32

Reuptake

Question 33

Sleep-inducing drugs that tend to decrease central nervous system activation and behavioral activity

Answer 33

Sedatives

Question 34

A sleep disorder characterized by frequent reflexive gasping for air that awakens a person and disrupts sleep

Answer 34

Sleep apnea

Question 35

Sleep stages three and four during which low-frequency delta waves become prominent in EEG recordings

Answer 35

Slow-wave sleep (SWS)

Question 36

Arising and wandering about while remaining asleep

Answer 36

Somnambulism

Question 37

Drugs that tend to increase central nervous system activation and behavioral activity

Answer 37

Stimulants

Question 38

A progressive decrease in a person's responsiveness to a drug

Answer 38

Tolerance