CHAPTER 8 Vocab

Question 1

The need to master difficult challenges, to outperform others, and to meet high standards of excellence

Answer 1

Achievement motive

Question 2

An inherited characteristic that increased in a population because it helped solve a problem of survival or reproduction during the time it emerged

Answer 2

Adaptation

Question 3

The need to associate with others and maintain social bonds

Answer 3

Affiliation motive

Question 4

The principle class of gonadal hormones in males

Answer 4

Androgens

Question 5

One or more premises used to provide support for a conclusion

Answer 5

Arguments

Question 6

Premises for which no proof or evidence is offered

Answer 6

Assumptions

Question 7

Orientations that locate object of thought on dimensions of judgement

Answer 7

Attitudes

Question 8

The system of nerves that connect to the heart, blood vessels, smooth muscles, and glands

Answer 8

Autonomic nervous system

Question 9

Persons who seek emotional-sexual relationships with members of either sex

Answer 9

B I S E X U A L S

Question 10

Weight (in kilos) divided by height (in meters) squared

Answer 10

BMI

Question 11

Putting group goals ahead of personal goals nd defining one’s identity in terms of the groups one belongs to

Answer 11

Collectivism

Question 12

The percentage of win pairs or other pairs of relative that exhibit the same disorder

Answer 12

Concordance rate

Question 13

Behaving differently, usually unfairly, toward members of a group

Answer 13

Discrimination

Question 14

Cultural norms that regulate the appropriate expressions of emotions

Answer 14

Display rules

Question 15

An internal state of tension that motivates an organism to engage in activities that should reduce the tension

Answer 15

Drive

Question 16

A subjective conscious experience (the cognitive component) accompanied by bodily arousal (the physiological component) and by characteristic overt expressions (behavioural component)

Answer 16

Emotion

Question 17

the principal class of gonadal hormones in females

Answer 17

Estrogens

Question 18

People who tend to be interested in the external world of people and things

Answer 18

Etraverts

Question 19

The largest and most complicated region of the brain - encompassing a variety of structures including the thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system, and cerebrum

Answer 19

Forebrain

Question 20

An increase in the electrical conductivity of the skin that occurs when sweat glands increase their activity

Answer 20

Galvanic skin response (GSR)

Question 21

A simple sugar that is an important source of energy

Answer 21

Glucose

Question 22

Neurons sensitive to glucose in the surrounding fluid

Answer 22

Glucostats

Question 23

An effect that occurs when the mental scale that people use to judge the pleasantness-unpleasantness of their experience shifts so that their neutral point or baseline for comparison changes

Answer 23

Hedonic adaptation

Question 24

Persons who seek emotional-sexual relationships with members of the other sex

Answer 24

Heterosexual

Question 25

A state of physiological equilibrium or stability

Answer 25

Homeostasis

Question 26

Persons who seek emotional-sexual relationships with members of the same sex

Answer 26

Homosexual

Question 27

A structure found near the base of the forebrain that is involved in the regulation of basic biological needs

Answer 27

Hypothalamus

Question 28

An external goal that has the capacity to motivate behaviour

Answer 28

Incentive

Question 29

Putting personal goals ahead of group goals and defining one's identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group memberships

Answer 29

Individualism

Question 30

Polygraph

Answer 30

Lie detector

Question 31

Goal-directed behavior

Answer 31

Motivation

Question 32

The condition of being overweight

Answer 32

Obesity

Question 33

The branch of the autonomic nervous system that generally conserves bodily resources

Answer 33

The branch of the autonomic nervous system generally conserves bodily resources

Question 34

What each sex in terms time, energy, survival risk, and forgone opportunities to produce and nurture offspring

Answer 34

Parental investment

Question 35

An individual's unique constellation of consistent behavioral traits

Answer 35

Personality

Question 36

The master gland of the endocrine system; it releases fa great variety of hormones that fan out through the body, stimulating actions in the other endocrine glands

Answer 36

Pituitary gland

Question 37

A device that records autonomic fluctuations while a subject is questioned in an effort to determine whether the subjects is telling the truth

Answer 37

Polygraph

Question 38

The reasons presented to persuade someone that a conclusion that is true or probably true

Answer 38

Premises

Question 39

Psychological tests that ask, subjects to respond vague ambiguous stimuli ways that reveal the subjects' needs feelings, and personality traits

Answer 39

Projective traits

Question 40

The idea that weight tends to drift around a level at which the constellation of factors that determine food consumption and energy expenditure achieve an equilibrium

Answer 40

Settling point theory

Question 41

The idea the bod monitors fat-cell levels to keep them (and weight) fairy stable

Answer 41

Set point theory

Question 42

A person's preference for emotional sexual relationships with individuals of the same sex, the other sex, or either sex

Answer 42

Sexual orientation

Question 43

Individuals' perceptions of their overall happiness and life satisfaction

Answer 43

Subjective well-being

Question 44

The branch of the autonomic nervous system that mobilizes the body's resources for emergencies

Answer 44

Sympathetic division

Question 45

A structure in the forebrain through which all sensory (except smell) must pass to get to the cerebral cortex

Answer 45

Thalamus

Question 46

Engorgement of blood vessels

Answer 46

Vasocongestion