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Biology 108 > Chapter 11 Cariovascular > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Cariovascular Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

Cardiovascular System

A

Closed system of the heart and blood vessels

Heart pumps blood

Bolld vessels allow blood to circulate to all parts of the body

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2
Q

Functions of the Cardiovascular system

A

transport O2, nutrients, hormones, etc

temperature regulation

protection: immunity and hemostasis

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3
Q

Heart

A

locatoin: thorax between the lungs in the inferior mediastium
orientation: pointed apex directed toward the left hip

base points toward right shoulder

about size of fist

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4
Q

Heart coverings

A

Pericardium: double walled sac

fibrous pericardium is loose and superficial

Serous membrane: deep to the fibrous pericardium and composed of 2 layers

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5
Q

Serous Membrane

A

Visceral pericardium: surface of the heart

Parietal pericardium: outside layer that lines the inner surface of the fibrous pericardium

Selrous fluid: fills space between the layers of pericardium

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6
Q

Heart wall

A

3 layers

epicardium

myocardium

endocardium

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7
Q

Epicardium

A

visceral pericardium

outside layer superficial

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8
Q

myocardium

A

middle layer

mostly cardiac muscle

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9
Q

endocardium

A

endothelium

inner layer: deep

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10
Q

Heart Chambers

A

4 chambers

right and left act as separate pumps

Atria: top

Ventricles: Bottom

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11
Q

Atria

A

Left and right

upper chambers

receiving chambers

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12
Q

Ventricles

A

right and left

lower chambers

pumps

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13
Q

Interventricular septum

A

muscle that separates the two ventricles

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14
Q

interatrial septum

A

muscle wall that separates the two Atria

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15
Q

Heart valves

A

allow blood to flow in only one direction: prevent backflow

Atrioventricular Valves (AV)

Semilunar valves

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16
Q

Atrioventricular Valves

A

Tricuspid valves between RA and RV

Bicuspid (mitral) valve: between LA and LV

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17
Q

Semilunar valves

A

Pulmonary semilunar valve: between RV and pulmonary trunk

aortic valve: between LV and aorta

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18
Q

Blood flow through body

A

Systemic Circuit

Pulmonary Circuit

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19
Q

Systemic Circuit

A

blood flows from the LV through body and back to the RA

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20
Q

PUlmonary Circuit

A

blood flows from the RV to the lungs and back to the LA

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21
Q

Associated Great vessels

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A

Arteries:

aorta: Leaves LV

pulmonary trunk: leaves RV

Veins:

Superior and inferior venae cavae: enter RA

pulmonary veins (4): enter LA

22
Q

Coronary Circulation

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A

blood in heart chambers does not nourish the myocardium

Coronary arteries

Coronary Veins

23
Q

Coronary Arteries

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A

branch from aorta

supply heart muscle with O2 rich blood

24
Q

Coronary Veins

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A

drain the myocardium of blood

coronary sinus: large vein on the posterior of the heart, receives blood from cardiac veins

blood empties into the RA

25
Blood Vessels
Transport blood to tissues and back Arteries Veins
26
Arteries arterioles
Carry O2 rich blood away from the heart
27
Capillary beds
exchange between tissues and blood
28
Veins Venules
return O2 poor blood to heart
29
Blood vessel anatomy
3 layers Tunic Intima Tunic Media Tunic Externa
30
Tunic intima
endothelium
31
Tunic media
smooth muscle controlled by sympathetic nervous tissue
32
Tunic Externa
mostly fibrous connective tissue
33
Blood vessel differences
Artery walls are thickest lumens of veins are larger larger veins have valves to prevent backflow
34
Capillaries
smallest vessels simple squamous epithelium: one layer thick permits diffusion, osmosis and filtration exchange vessels: site of O2, CO2, water, nutrient and waste exchange aranged in beds: density reflects metabolic rate
35
Aorta
largest artery in the body leaves the LV of the heart
36
Regions of Aorta
Ascending aorta leaves LV aortic arch: arches to the left Thoracic aorta: travels downward through thorax Abdominal aorta: passes through the diaphragm into the abdominopelvic cavity
37
arterial branches of ascending aorta
right and left coronary arteries serve the heart
38
Branches of the aortic arch
Brachiocephalic trunk left common carotid artery left subclavin artery
39
arteries of neck, head and brain
Common carotid internal carotid arteries: to brain external carotid arteries: to face and scalp Vertebral artery: to brain
40
Arteries of shoulder and upper limb
subclavin artery axillary artery Bracial artery radial and ulnar arteries
41
Abdominal aorta
renal arteries to kidneys
42
arteris of pelvis and lower limbs
common iliac arteris: inferior branch of abdonimal aorta internal iliac: to pelvic cavity external iliac: to lower limb Femoral artery
43
Major Veins
Superior and inferior Vena Cava enter RA of heart
44
Superior Vena Cava
drains the head and upper limbs
45
inferior vena cava
drains the lower body
46
Veins of brain head and neck
External jugular: face and scalp Internal jugular (largest jugular): Brain, deep veins of face and neck brachiocephalic veins to SVC
47
Veins of shoulder and upper limbs
Radial and Ulnar veins brachial vein axillary vein subclavin vein into the brachiocephalic vein
48
Veins from Abdominal viscera
renal vein from kidneys hepatic veins from liver hepatic portal system
49
hepatic portal system
blood from stomach, small intestines, and large intestines flows to liver via hepatic portal vein, not directly to the inferior vena cava
50
veins from pelvis and lower limbs
femoral vein external iliac vein internal iliac vein common iliac vein inferior vena cava

Biology 108 (38 decks)

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