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Biology 108 > Chapter 10 Reverse > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Reverse Flashcards

(44 cards)

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1
Q

reverse

transport nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, waste products, hormones

distributes heat

hemeostasis

A

Functions of blood

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2
Q

reverse

only fluid tissue in body

living cells: formed elements

non-living cells: plasma

A

Blood components

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3
Q

reverse

erytrocytes (RBC) 45%

buffy coat: leukcytes (WBC) and platelets less than 1%

Plasma 55%

A

composition of blood

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4
Q

reverse

oxygen rich-scarlet red

oxygen poor-dull red

ph 7.35-7.45

temp 100.4

volume 6 qts

A

characteristics of blood

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5
Q

reverse

90% water

dissolved substances: nutrients, salts (electrolytes), respiratory gases, hormones, plasma proteins, waste products

A

Blood Plasma

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6
Q

reverse

most abundant solutes in plasman 7%

most made by liver

albumin

clotting proteins

globulins

A

Plasma proteins

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7
Q

reverse

60% of plasma proteins

regulates osmotic pressure

made by liver

A

albumin

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8
Q

reverse

4% of plasma

plays role in blood coagulation

made by liver

A

clotting proteins

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9
Q

reverse

36% of plasma

Alpha and Beta globulins

transport proteins

made by liver

A

Globulins

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10
Q

reverse

help protect the body from pathagens

made my lymphocytes

A

Gamma globulins

(antibodies)

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11
Q

reverse

erythrocytes (RBC)

leukocytes (WBC)

platelets-thrombocytes

A

Formed elements

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12
Q

reverse

carry oxygen

biconcave disks

bags of hemoglobin

no nucleus

very few organelles

5 million per mm^3

A

Erythrocytes

RBC

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13
Q

reverse

iron containing protein

binds strongly but reversibly to oxygen

each hemoglobin molecule has 4 O2 binding sites

RBC has 250 million hemoglobin molecules

normal blood 12-18 g per 100ml of blood

A

Hemoglobin

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14
Q

reverse

kidneys produce most erythropoietin in response to reduced O2 levels in blood

erythropoietin stimulates RBC formatoin in red marrow

homeostasis is maintaind via negative feedback from blood O2 levels

A

Hemoatopoiesis

Erytrhocyte production

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15
Q

reverse

unable to divide, grow or synthesize proteins

wear out in 100-120 days

when worn out RBC is eliminated by phagocytes in teh spleen or liver

A

Old RBC

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16
Q

reverse

protect body against pathogens

4000-11,000 WBC per mm^3

differential WBC count lists % of each type of WBC, may change with disease status

A

Leukocytes

WBC

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17
Q

reverse

fragments of megakaryocytes

form platelet plug to help seal damaged blood vessels

initiates formatoin of blood clot

normal cound 300,000 per mm^3

A

Platelets

Thrombocytes

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18
Q

reverse

stoppage of bleeding resulting from breaking in a blood vessel

19
Q

reverse

vascular spasm

platelet plug formation

coagulation (blood clotting)

Study These Flashcards
A

phases of hemostasis

20
Q

reverse

occurs immediatly if a vessel is cut or broken

spasm narrows the vessel decreasing blood loss

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A

Vascular spasms

21
Q

reverse

collagen fibers are exposed by break in vessel

platelets become “sticky” and cling to fibers

anchored platelets release chemicals to attract more platelets

platelets pile up to for a plug

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A

platelet plug formation

22
Q

reverse

most effective homeostatic mechanism

final step conversion of fibrogen into insoluable fibrin threads

Thrombin: enzyme that converts fibrinogen into fibrin

fibrin forms meshwork that traps RBC

blood usually clots in 3-6 min

clot remains as endothelium regenerates

clot is broken down after tissue repair

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A

Coagulation

blood clotting

23
Q

reverse

loss of 15-30% causes weakness

loss of over 30% causes shock which can be fatal

24
Q

reverse

transfusions are the only way to replace blood quickly

transfused blood must be of the same blood group

Study These Flashcards
A

Blood Transfusion

25
# reverse antigens: proteins found on surface of RBC antibodies: clumping of RBC due to interaction of antigens and antibodies
Blood group genetic proteins
26
# reverse grouped based on presence or absence of 2 major protein antigens on the RBC membrane 4 ypes: A, B, AB and O 2-8 mos after birth the body may synthesize certain antibodies Antibodies A or B found within plasma
Blood groups
27
# reverse Antigens: both A and B Antibodies: neither A or B
Type AB blood
28
# reverse Antigens: A is present Antibodies: B is present
Type A blood
29
# reverse Antigens: B is present Antibodies: A is present
Type B blood
30
# reverse Antigens: lack A and B Antibodies: A and B are present
Type O blood
31
# reverse can receive A, B, AB or O blood Universal recipient
AB transfusion
32
# reverse can receive A and O blood
A transfusion
33
# reverse can receive B and O blood
B transfusion
34
# reverse can receive O blood universal donor
O transfusion
35
# reverse presence or absence of antigen D Rh negative: RBC lasck Rh antigen Rh positive: RBC has antigen person with rh neg blood does not make anti Rh unless exposed to Rh positive blood
RH blood groups
36
# reverse person with negative blood receives transfusion of positive blood initial is not problme but anti body cells begin synthesizing anti-Rh antibodies person is now sensitized to Rh-positive blood next exposure wo Rh positive blood will cause recipients blood to agglutinate with donors RBC
Rh Sensitization
37
# reverse when mother is Rh- and father is Rh+ Erythroblastosis Fetalis
Rh pregnance dangers
38
# reverse Rh- mother carrying Rh+ baby first child no problem after mother is sensitized to Rh+ and will produce anti Rh antibodies 2nd pregnancy will attack Rh+ blood of fetus
Erythroblastosis Fetalis
39
# reverse shot to prevent buildup of anti Rh+ antibodies in mothers blood
RhoGAM shot
40
# reverse blood type is determinede by finding which antigens are present on RBC membrane blood is typed by using antibodies that will cause blood with certain antigens to clump ABO and Rh typing are done in similar manner
Blood Typing
41
# reverse testing for agglutination of donors RBC by the recipients serum and vice versa
Cross matching
42
# reverse expose sample to anti A antibodies and anti B antibodies look for clumping (agglutination)] if clumping present the antigen is present on the RBC
Agglutination testing
43
# reverse always best to give person their own blood
Blood Transfusions
44
# reverse agglutination of donor RBC because recipients plasma contains antibodies against the antigens on donor RBC
Transfusion reaction

Biology 108 (38 decks)

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