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Biology 108 > Chapter 16 Reproductive > Flashcards

Chapter 16 Reproductive Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

Male Reproductive system functions

A

sperm production

secrete testosterone

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2
Q

Male reproductive primary organs

A

testes

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3
Q

Male reproductive duct system

A

epididymis

vas deferens

ejaculatory duct

urethra

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4
Q

Male reproductive accessory organs

A

seminal vesichles

prostate

bulbourethral gland

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5
Q

Male external genitalia

A

scrotum

penis

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6
Q

Tunica albuginea

A

capsule that surrounds each testis

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7
Q

site of sperm production

A

testes lobule containing tightly coiled seminiferous tubules

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8
Q

sertoli cells

A

support and nourish sperm

regulate sperm production

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9
Q

Spermatogonia

A

produce sperm

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10
Q

interstitial cells

A

between seminiferous tubules

produce androgens such as testosterone

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11
Q

Epididymis

A

6 meters of coiled tube: found in the superior part of the testis and slong the posterior lateral side

site of sperm maturation and storage

concentration of muscles in the wall of the epididymis expels sperm with the vas deferens

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12
Q

Vas Deferens

Ductus Deferens

A

carries sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct

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13
Q

ejaculation

A

smooth muscle in the walls of the vas deferens create peristaltic waves to squeeze the sperm forward

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14
Q

vasectomy

A

cutting the vas deferens at the level of the testes to prevent the transportation of sperm

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15
Q

Ejaculatory duct

A

short duct that connects the vas deferens to the urethra

within the prostate gland

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16
Q

urethra

A

extends from the base of the urinary bladder to the tip of the penis

carries urine and sperm

sperm enters from the ejaculatory duct

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17
Q

seminal vesicles

A

located posterior to the urinary bladder

secretes alkaline fluid into ejaculatory ducts:

fructose-energy for sperm

60% of final semen volume

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18
Q

prostate gland

A

inferior to urinary bladder

secretes alkaline fluid:

helps activate sperm

enters the urethra through several small ducts

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19
Q

bulbourethral glands

A
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20
Q

semen

A

mixture of sperm and accessory gland secretions:

alkaline pH: 7.2-7.6 (neutralizes vaginal secretions)

volume 2-5ml

average sperm count: 120 million per ml

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21
Q

sperm

A

non mobile with the male reproductive system

begin to swim in an alkaline environment

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22
Q

capacitation

A

changes that allow sperm to fertilize egg

occurs within the female reproductive tract

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23
Q

scrotum

A

divided pouch of skin posterior to the penis

maintains the testes about 3 deg C lower than body temp to protect sperm

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24
Q

penis

A

delivers sperm into the female reproductive tract

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25
regions of the penis
shaft glans penis (enlarged tip) prepuce (foreskin): folded cuff or skin around proximal end often removed by circumcision internally 3 areas of spongy erectile tissue erections occur when erectile tissue fills with blood during sexual excitement
26
spermatogenesis
production of sperm cells entire process takes 64-72 days
27
production of sperm cells
meiotic cell division begins at puberty and continues throughout life occurs in the seminiferous tubules
28
spermatogenesis cycle
29
spermatogenesis final product
4 sperm cells containing 23 chromosomes sperms cells are not genetically identical
30
Structure of mature sperm
Head contaiing nuclueus of 23 chromosomes and acrosomal cap midpiece: fliaments and mitochondria Tail: flagellum
31
acrosomal cap
32
Female reproductive functions
33
Female primary reproductive organs
ovaries
34
female reproductive duct system
uterine tubes uterus vagina
35
female external genitalia
vulva
36
ovaries
37
ovarian follicles
each consists of Oocyte (immature egg) follicular cells-surround the Oocyte
38
uternine tubes "fallopian"
receive the ovulated oocyte site of fertilization upper 1/3 of tube lined with simple ciliated columnar epithelium helps move oocyte toward uterus
39
uterus
holloow muscular organ located between the urinary bladder and rectum endometrium inner most layer cervix projects into the vagina protects fetus during pregnancy
40
vagina
fibromuscular tube extends from cervix to exterior of body serves as birth canal receives penis during intercourse hymen
41
hymen
membrane that partially covers the vaginal orifice
42
Vulva
mons pubis labia majora labia minora
43
mons pubis
fatty area overlying the pubic symphysis covered with pubi hair after puberty
44
labia majora
encloses and protects the other external reprosuctive organs
45
labia minora
longitudinal folds between labia majora converge anteriorly to form hood of clitoris
46
Vestibule
enclosed by labia majora contains external openings of the urethra and vagina
47
greater vestibular glands
found on each side of the vagina secrets lubricant during intercourse
48
clitoris
contains erectile tissue richly supplied with sensory fibers corresponds to the male penis
49
similarities between clitoris and penis
hooded by prepuce composed of erectile tissue becomes swollen with blood during sexual intercourse
50
female reproductive cycle components
Ovarian cycle Uterine cycle
51
Ovarian cycle
52
Uternie cycle
changes in endometrium controlled by ovarian hormones
53
ovarian cycle 28 day overview
maturation of follicel days 1-13 Oogenesis: egg formation day 1-14 Ovulation day 14 formation of corpus luteum days 14-28
54
primordial follicles
55
Follicular maturation
56
Oogenesis
total suppply of eggs present at birth ability to release eggs begins at puberty reproductive ability ends at menopause
57
oocyte maturation
occurs in developing ovarian follicles
58
oogenesis cycle
59
ovulation
release of secondary oocyte from the surface of the ovary secondary oocyte is surrounded by zona pellucid and corona radiata oocyte is ovulated into pelvic cavity
60
fertilization
61
oogenesis final product
one ova+2-3 polar bodies
62
uterine cycle 28 day overview
menstruation days 1-5 proliferation phase days 3-14 secretory phase days 15-28
63
menstruation
period of mentrual bleeding
64
proliferation phase
endometrium repairs and grows
65
secretory phase
endometrium increases in size and readies for implantation
66
hormone control of female reproduction
estrogen luteinizing hormone estrogen and progesterone
67
estrogen
secreted by foliicular cells during first 14 days of ovarian cycle stimulates growth of endometrium
68
luteinizing hormone
secreted by pituitary gland levels surge around day 13 causing ovulation
69
estrogen and progesterone
secreted by luteum during last 14 days of ovarian cycle stimulate growth and activity of uterine glands within endometrium
70
Egg fertilization
oocyte is viable for 12-24 hrs after release sperm are viable for 24048 hrs after ejaculation sexual intercourse must occur no more than 2 days before ovulation and no later than 24 hrs after sperm cells must make their way to the uterine tube for fertilization to be possible

Biology 108 (38 decks)

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