Chapter 6 reverse

Question 1

reverse

Responsible for all types of body movement

Answer 1

Muscles

Question 2

reverse

Skeletal

Cardiac

Smooth

Answer 2

3 types of muscle

Question 3

reverse

skeletal and smooth are elongated

contraction is due to movement of microfilaments

myo and mys refers to muscle

Answer 3

Muscle charactoristics

Question 4

reverse

attached by tendons

cells are multinucleated striated,

have visible banding voluntary

Answer 4

Skeletal Muscle

Question 5

reverse

cells surrounded and bundled by connective tissue

Endomysium

Perimysium

Epimysium

Fascia

Answer 5

connective tissue wrappings

Question 6

reverse

encloses a single muscle finber

Answer 6

Endomysium

Question 7

reverse

wraps around a fascicle (bundle) of muscle fiber

Answer 7

Perimysium

Question 8

reverse

covers entire skeletal muscle

Answer 8

Epimysium

Question 9

reverse

on the outside of the epimysium

Answer 9

Fascia

Question 10

reverse

epimysium blends into tendons

Answer 10

Skeletal muscle attachments

Question 11

reverse

cord like structures that connect muscle to bone

mostly collogen fibers

Answer 11

Tendons

Question 12

reverse

lack striations

spindle shaped cells

singel nucleus

involuntary

mainly in wall of hollow organs

Answer 12

Smooth muscle chacteristics

Question 13

reverse

Striations

usually single nucleus branching cells

joined by intercalated disc

involuntary

found only in heart

Answer 13

Cardiac muscle characteristics

Question 14

reverse

produce movement

maintain posture

stabilize joints

generate heat

Answer 14

Muscle functions

Question 15

reverse

thin elongated cylindrical cell with rounded ends

extends length of muscle

sarcolemma

transverse tubules

myofibrils

sarcoplasmic reticulum

striation pattern

sarcomere

Answer 15

Skeletal muscle fiber

Question 16

reverse

plasma membrane

Answer 16

Sarcolemma

Question 17

reverse

invaginations of sarcolemma

entend all through fiber

Answer 17

transverse tubules

Question 18

reverse

bundle of contractile proteins

think filament-myosin

thin filament-actin

Answer 18

myofibrils

Question 19

reverse

modified ER

sacs and tubes that surround each myofibril

stores Ca+2

Answer 19

sarcoplacsmic reticulum

Question 20

reverse

due to arrangement of thin and thick fibers

A band: dark think filament

I band: thin filament anchored to Z lines

Answer 20

striation pattern

Question 21

reverse

contractile unit of muscle

segment of myofirbril between 2 Z lines

Answer 21

Sarcomere

Question 22

reverse

myosin

2 twisted proteins with globular heads (cross bridges) projecting outwards

myosin cross bridge head has ATPase enzymes

energy released cocks myosin head to prepare for binding wtih actin

Answer 22

Sarcomere organization

myosin

Question 23

reverse

composed of many myosin molecules

located in center of sarcomere

Answer 23

thick filaments

Question 24

reverse

double stranded helical molecule

each actin monomer has binding site for myosin

troponin and tropomyosin are regulatory proteins found on thin filament

Answer 24

Actin

Question 25

# reverse actin is the main protein anchored to the Z disc

Answer 25

thin filament

Question 26

# reverse region in the center of "A" band that contains only myosin at rest

Answer 26

H zone

Question 27

# reverse proteins that hold myosin molecules in place

Answer 27

M line

Question 28

# reverse ability to receive and respond to a stimulus

Answer 28

Excitability

Question 29

# reverse ability to shorten when an adequate stimulus is received

Answer 29

Contractabillity

Question 30

# reverse ability of muscle cells to be stretched

Answer 30

Extensibility

Question 31

# reverse ability to recoil and resume resting length after stretching

Answer 31

Elasticity

Question 32

# reverse skeletal muscles must be stimulated by a motor neuron to contract

Answer 32

muscle contraction

Question 33

# reverse one motor neuron all of skeletal muscles cells are stimulated by that neuron

Answer 33

Motor unit

Question 34

# reverse connection between axon terminal of the motor neuron and muscle

Answer 34

Neuromuscular Junction

Question 35

# reverse Axon terminal contains the synaptic vesicles vesicles contain neurotransmitters transmitters are chemicals taht transmit signal from neuron to next cell

Answer 35

Motor Neuron

Question 36

# reverse folded region of the sarcolemma under the axon terminal contains Ach receptors

Answer 36

Motor End Plate

Question 37

# reverse gap between nerve and muscle filled with interstitial fluid

Answer 37

Synaptic Cleft

Question 38

# reverse Nerve impulse reaches axon terminals of motor neuron synaptic vesicles release acetylcholine (ACh) ACh diffuses across cleft and binds to receptors on motor end plate sarcolemma becomes permeable to Na+ Na+ rushes into the cell generating an action potential action potential travels on sarcolemma and stimulates muscle fiber to contract

Answer 38

transmission of Nerve Impulse to Muscle

Question 39

# reverse muscle contraction involves the shortening of all the sarcomeres within a muscle fiber

Answer 39

sliding filament theory

Question 40

# reverse myosin pulls the thin filaments intothe center of the sarcomere thin filaments slide past the think filaments

Answer 40

sliding filament theory

Question 41

# reverse once stimulated an action potential travels along sarcolemma down t-tublules causes SR to release Ca+2 Ca+2 binds to troponin troponin and tropomyosin move exposing binding site for myosin on actin myosin cross bridge binds to actin phosphate and SDP are released from cross bridge myosin cross bridge changes and pulls actin in (power stroke) new ATP binds to myosin and cross bridge detaches from actin ATP is hydrolysed and energy is used to "cock" myosin head so it is ready to bind with actin cross bridge cycle continues if ATP and Ca+2 are present

Answer 41

Main events in skeletal muscle contraction

Question 42

# reverse ACh is degraded muscle fiber is no longer stimulated Ca+2 is pumped back into the SR new ATP causes cross bridge to detach from actin Troponin-tropomyosin move so tropomyosin covers myosin binding site on actin muscle fiber relaxes ATP is hydrolysed and energy is used to "cock" myosin cross bridge ready for further stimulation

Answer 42

Skeletal muscle Relaxation

Question 43

# reverse All or None not all fibers may be stimulated during same interval different combinations may give different responses graded responses different degrees of contraction strength

Answer 43

Contraction of Skeletal muscle

Question 44

# reverse frequency of stimulation number of motor units being stimulated at one time

Answer 44

contractoin graded responses

Question 45

# reverse stored ATP only 4-6 secons is stored other pathways to produce ATP

Answer 45

Energy for contraction

Question 46

# reverse muscle cells store CP (high energy molecule) CP supplies are exhausted in less than 15 seconds

Answer 46

Direct Phosphorylation of ADP

Question 47

# reverse occurs when O2 is limited or absent produces 2 ATP and lactic acid not as efficient but fast about 40 seconds of energy

Answer 47

Anerobic glycolysis and lactic acid formation

Question 48

# reverse Main source of ATP can provide hours of energy

Answer 48

Aerobic Respiration

Question 49

# reverse blood hemoglobin in RBC carries oxygen from lungs Myoglobin found in skeletal muscle temporary storage site for oxygen

Answer 49

Cell oxygen source

Question 50

# reverse Muscle unable to contract even with a stimulus

Answer 50

muscle fatigue

Question 51

# reverse build up of lactic acid lack of ATP depletion of muscle glycogen stores lack of acetylcholine

Answer 51

muscle fatigue causes