Chapter 15 Flashcards
(16 cards)
alcoholic fermentation
An energy producing metabolic pathway in which glucose is broken down into ethanol and carbon dioxide
anomers
One of the two isomeric forms of a carbohydrate that differ in the position of the hydroxyl group attached to the hemiacetal carbon atom.
carbohydrate
An organic compound with a 1:2:1 ratio of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, or a large molecule built fro compounds that have this ratio.
Krebs cycle
A catabolic pathway that breaks down the acetyl-CoA into CO2, producing energy in the form of ATP, NADH, and FADH2
disaccharide
A carbohydrate that is built from two molecules of simple sugars
fermentation
A catabolic pathway that breaks down carbohydrates using the reactions of glycolysis, but that doesn’t require oxygen and doesn’t produce NADH and FADH2
glycolysis
A catabolic pathway that breaks down glucose into pyruvate, producing energy in the forms of ATP and NADH
glycosidic linkage
The chemical link between simple sugars in a disaccharide or polysaccharide
hemiacetal
An organic compound that is formed when an alcohol combines with an aldehyde or a ketone
high energy molecule
A biological compound that produces a significant amount of energy when it is hydrolyzed, such as ATP
lactic acid fermentation
A metabolic pathway in which glucose is broken down into lactate ions
monosaccharide
The simplest type of carbohydrate
polysaccharide
A carbohydrate that is built from many simple sugars linked together
reducing sugar
A mono- or disaccharide that contains a hemiacetal group, allowing it to be oxidized easily
storage polysaccharide
A polysaccharide whose primary function is a fuel source for an organism
structural polysaccharide
A polysaccharide whose primary function is to supply the rigid framework of an organism
