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Pathogenic Microbiology > Chapter 16: Host Microbe Interaction > Flashcards

Chapter 16: Host Microbe Interaction Flashcards

1
Q

Establishment of growth of a microorganism on a surface

A

Colonization

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2
Q

A lipopolysaccharide component of Gram-negative bacteria; lipid A is responsible for the toxic properties

A

Endotoxin

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3
Q

Difference between opportunistic and primary pathogens

A

Opportunistic only affect sick people

Primary in healthy

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4
Q

A symbiotic relationship were both partners benefit

A

Mutalism

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5
Q

Relationship between 2 organsim in which 1 partner benefits and the other is unaffected

A

Commensalism

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6
Q

Are all pathogens parasitic

A

Yes

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7
Q

An imbalance in the microbiome is called

A

Dysbiosis

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8
Q

The ability of a pathogen to overcome body defense and cause disease

A

Virulence

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9
Q

Number of microbes sufficient to establish an infection is expressed as

A

Ld50

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10
Q

Progression of infectious disease

Incubation

Illness

Convalescence

  • Prodromal phase is also included what is this and where does it belong
A

Before illnesss
It is a general feeling of MALAISE (general not feeling well)

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11
Q

Acute illness caused by an inflammatory response that results when pathogens or their products circulate in the blood stream

A

Sepsis

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12
Q

Circulation of toxins in the blood

A

Toxemia

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13
Q

Circulation of virus particles in the blood

A

Viremia

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14
Q

Criteria used to determine the cause of an infections disease by culturing the agent and reproducing the disease

A

Kochs postulates

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15
Q

Production of toxins
Colonization of mucos membranes
Invasion of host tissues
Invasion of host tissues followed by toxin Production

Are what?

A

Pathogenic mechanisms to invade a healthy host

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16
Q

Iron binding substance produced by bacteria to scavenge iron

A

Siderophore

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17
Q

This Phage like mechanism called ________ is used by bacterial cells to inject gene products directly into host cells

A

Type III secretion system

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18
Q

Characteristic mechanism of engulfment that some bacteria induces by triggering rearranging the cells actin

A

Membrane ruffling

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19
Q

2 methods bacterial pathogens use to infect body through the mucus membranes

A

Direct uptake

Exploiting Antigen Sampling Process

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20
Q

This is the process a bacterial cell injects an effector protien into host cell causing it to endocytoize the pathogen

A

Direct uptake

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21
Q

2 parts of the antibody

____ binds to the antigen

_____ functions as a Red Flag

A

Fab

Fc

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22
Q

How does the complement system lyis foreign cells

A

Membrane attack complexes

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23
Q

Bacteria that avoid being killed by the complement system are called

A

Serum resistant

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24
Q

This enzyme cleaves a class of antibodies found in mucus and other secretions

A

IgA protease

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25
Mechanisms for avoiding antibodies include (3)
IgA protease, antigenic variation, mimicking host cells
26
Vaccination against toxins like tetanus & diphtheria are called
Toxoids
27
If a person injest toxins this can be reversed by
Antitoxins
28
These toxins have 2 parts: 1st part is the toxic part 2nd part is the binding part
A-B toxins
29
These antigens bind to the MHC II molecule on antigen presenting cells and t cells, causing false recognition. This produces a cytokine storm which maybe deadly
Superantigens
30
3 types of ExoToxins
A-B, membrane damaging, superantigens
31
Certain antibodies produced in response to an infection can bind to the bodies own tissues promoting an autoimmune response. These are called
Cross-reactive antibodies
32
What are Pattern Recognition receptors looking for
Viral nucleic acids
33
Multinucleated body formed by cell fusion
Syncytium
34
Firmicutes and bacteriodsetes are commonly represented phyla in the _____ of adults
Intestinal tract
35
4 Roles of the human microbiome include
Excluding pathogens & Priming adaptive immune system against pathogens Tolerance to non harmful substances Aids in digestion Produces vitamins
36
_____ provide a foundation for determining the cause of infections disease ____ provides a foundation for identifying virulence factors that contribute to disease
Kochs postulate Molecular Kochs postulate
37
Rapid turnover of pili, antigenic variation, and IgA protease allow bacteria to avoid the effects of secretory ____
Iga
38
____ enable microbes to scavenge iron
Siderophores
39
Mechanism that allow bacteria to transfer gene products directly into host cells
Type III secretion systems
40
A protein in the cell walls of group A Streptococci that is associated with virulence
M protein
41
Capsules, M protein, Fc receptors all serve for this function in pathogens
Avoid recognition and attachment of phagocytes
42
____ describes bacteria that have a mechanism to avoid the killing effects of the complement system proteins
Serum resistant
43
Toxins that damage a variety of different cell types
Cytotoxins
44
Neurotoxins, enterotoxins, cytotoxins are all this type of toxic protein
Exotoxins
45
A-B is an exotoxin composed of an active subunits ____ and a binding subunit ____
A / B
46
_____ override the specificity of the T-cell response, causing a cytokine storm
Superantigens
47
Symptoms associated with (this type of toxin) ____ are due to a vigorous host response . Lipid A is responsible for its toxic properties
Endotoxin
48
This combination of the antibody/ antigen complex can cause kidney and joint damage
Immune complex
49
These fungi are generally opertunistic.....
Saprophytes
50
____ cause superficial infections of skin, hair, and nails
Dermatophytes
51
Which type of fungi cause the most serious infections
Dimorphic
52
Capsules and M proteins are thought to interfere with Opsonization by...
Complement proteins
53
C5a peptidase enzyme of S. pyrogenes breaks down C5a resulting in...
Decrease accumulation of phagocytes
54
Is diphtheria an endotoxin or exotoxin
Exotoxin
55
Endotoxin is An A-B toxin Component of Gram-positive bacteria Can be converted into a toxoid Heat-stable Causes T cells to release cytokines
Heat stable
56
Syncitium
A multinucleated formed cell
57
The _____ coats group A streptococci (GAS) and acts as the primary antigen and determinant of type-specific immunity. Is essential for GAS virulence, providing antiphagocytic functions critical to survival in human tissues and fluids.
M protein
58
Dysbiosis
An imbalance of the microbiome
59
Can normal flora be opportunistic
Yes, in a weakened immune system
60
How much vitamin K does normal flora provide
10%
61
Which is more pathogenic 3000 Id 50 200 id 50
200 It is saying that 200 pathogens are required to infect 50 people
62
Can acute illnesses be latent?
Yes
63
Toxins: Eaten, don't need organsim just toxin it produces Give 2 examples
Staph food poisoning Botism
64
Pathogenicity mechanics Colonization on surface of host and toxin production Name 2 such pathogens
Diphtheria E coli 0157 :H7
65
Pathogenicity mechanics Invasion of host tissues Avoid macrophages & detection by antibodies Name 3 pathogens
TB Salmonella Strep pyogenes
66
Bacteria use Adhesion Proteins on Pili or Fambriae to attach to ____ & _____ receptors
Glycoproteins & Glycolipids
67
_____ shock (from a bacterial infection). Example: A serious infection complication. Caused by pathogens _____ shock (from an allergic reaction or asthma attack). Example: An allergic reaction to peanuts
Septic Anaphylactic
68
Find the cause of disease Organsim must be grown in pure culture Pure culture used to infect new host Organsim must be found in New Host Describes this process
Kochs postulate
69
Finding cause of disease Virulence factor is cloned and inserted into Non pathogenic strain Virulence genes expressed during disease Antibodies against Virulence gene gives host protection Describes this process
Molecular Kochs postulate
70
Pathogens deliver _______ to host cells Destroy microvilli in intestines Force host cell to take in bacteria
Effector molecules
71
Mucous membrane penetration Direct uptake by ____ cells Or Exploit antigen sampling by ____ cells
Epithelial M
72
Where are M cells located
Peyers Patches MALT
73
Bacteria can avoid phagocytes by destroying the Complement component that attracts phagocytes with _____ peptidase of strep pyrogenes
C5a
74
_____ contains Streptolysin O that destroys phagocytes cell membrane
Strep pyrogenes
75
____ is a strong chemoattractant and is involved in the recruitment of inflammatory cells such as neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, and T lymphocytes, in activation of phagocytes
C5a
76
____ toxins can cause local or systemic infections ____ toxins only produce systemic
Exotoxins Endotoxins
77
Endotoxins of the outer membrane of Gram-negative are composed of 2 parts
Lipid A O polysaccharide
78
Lipid A & O polysaccharides are found in
Endotoxins of the outer membrane of Gram-negative are composed of 2 parts
79
Endotoxins are detected by blood from this useless animal
Horseshoe crab
80
Cross reacting Ab Attacks heart lining and contributes in ______ an auto immune disease
Rheumatic fever
81
______ are due to damaged heart valves, where they don't close properly
Heart murmurs
82
Viral damage to host Destroy host cell by ...
Viral lytic cycle
83
Ring worm and athletes foot are examples of...
Dermatophytes
84
What is Candida albicans
Yeast normal flora
85
Dimorphic fungi are ____ in the environment but ____ in body
Molds / Yeast
86
Histoplasma in bat droppings can cause infection of this area...
Lungs
87
____ is the larger of two elements formed by the cleavage of complement component 3, and is considered an important part of the innate immune system. It is potent in opsonization: tagging pathogens, immune complexes (antigen-antibody), and apoptotic cells for phagocytosis.
C3b
88
_____ is a strong chemoattractant and is involved in the recruitment of inflammatory cells such as neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, and T lymphocytes, in activation of phagocytic cells and release of granule-based enzymes and generation of oxidants, all of which may contribute to innate immune functions or tissue ...
C5a

Pathogenic Microbiology (31 decks)

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