Chapter 21: Respitory Infections Flashcards by Jade Ring

Streptococci can be classified based on cell wall carbohydrates by this method

Lancefield grouping

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Which is better predictor of disease causing potential

Hemolysis or Lancefield

Lancefield

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Eyes and ears associated with ducts to nasal cavity,throat are included in upper respitory

True ir false

True

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Goblet cells produce

Mucus

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Nose and nasal cavity does this to inspired air

Warm and humidity

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Pharyngitis is inflammation of

Throat

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Pleomorphic, club shapped Gram-positive rods non mobile
Aerobic/ facultative

Diphtheria

Corynebacterium

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Gram-negative rods

Obligate anaerobe

Found in teeth and gums

Fusobacterium
Porphyromonas
Prevotella

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Small gram negative rods

Facultative anaerobe

H. Infulenza

Haemophilus

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Gram-negative diplococci and diplobacilli

Aerobic some resemble pathogen
Neisseria species N. Meningitidis

Moraxella

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Gram-positive cocci in clusters

Facultative anaerobe
Potential pathogen S. aureus commonly in nostrils

Staphylococcus

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Gram-positive Cocci in chains

Potential pathogen S. pneumonia

Streptococcus

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External ear up to ear drum protected by

Cerumen

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Middle ear connected by _______ to nasal pharynx to allow drainage

Eustachian tube

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Otitis media is

Infection of ear drum

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Larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs make up

Lower respitory tract

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Eyes, Ears, nose, pharynx make up

Upper respitory tract

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Larynx is aka

Voice box

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Trachea is aka

Wind pipe

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Trachea branches into two ___

Bronchi

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When alveoli fill with pus and fluid it is called

Pneumonia

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Pleura is

The 2 membranes surrounding the lungs

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Conjunctivitis is aka

Pink eye

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H. influenza & S. pneumoniae often cause

Conjunctivitis (pink eye)
Otitis media (ear ache)
Sinusitis (sinus infection)

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Streptococci Pharyngitis aka strept throat is caused by

Streptococcus pyogenes

Gram-positive grows in chains B-hemolysis Group A streptococci (lancefield)

Streptococcus pyogenes

M protein, Protein F, & Enzymes allow for evasion of host defense in this species

Strep pyrogenes

Some species of S. pyrogenes produce _____ leading to High / scarlet fever Toxic shock syndrome Flesh eating disease

Streptococci pyrogenes Extotoxins

Acute post-streptococcal can lead to

Glomerulonephritis

Diphtheria is this type of disease

Toxin-mediated

Corynebacterium is the causative agent of ...

Diphtheria

Diphtheria is an A-B exotoxin describe the A & B subunits

A = catalyzes reaction B = binding

Diphtheria Epidemiology ___ are the primary reservoir

Humans

Treatment for Diphtheria Injection of _______

Antiserum to Toxin

Viral infection of Upper Respitory system ____ is the most frequent infections disease in humans

Common Cold

Which virus causes the common cold

Rhinovirus

The rhinovirus infects epithelial cells of the _______ Causing this action of the body's innate immune system to stop ____

Upper respitory tract Ciliary motion

The rhinovirus aka common cold what is the only source of this infection

Humans

______ upper respiratory tract infections Characterized by FEVER Lymph nodes of neck become swollen

Adenovirus

Pathogenesis of this species includes Avoids host defense by delaying apoptosis, blocking interferion, interfer with antigen presenting Following replication, "death protein" causes host cell lysis

Adenovirus

In pneumonia ___ containing pus and blood comes up from the lungs

Sputum

White shadows on chest X rays: Fluid in lungs is a symptom of this disease

Pneumonia

Pathogensis Often caused by mucocilary elevator is compromised Causative agent often has CAPSULE that DELAYS PHAGOCYTOSIS Damaging effects are often due to inflammatory response Name this Viral Infection

Pneumonia

Pneumonia can be bacterial, viral, fungal True or false

True

Streptococcus pneumoniae is the Causative agent for this Bacterial pneumonia

Pneumococcal pneumonia

Gram-positive diplococcus know as pneumonococcus Thick polysaccharides capsule responsible for virulence Describes the causative agent for this disease

Pneumococcal penumonia

Capsule and (surface protein) PspA interfere with C3b of complement system Blocking phagocytes

Pneumococcal pneumonia

Enterobacteria such as _____ species and other gram-negative rods can cause pneumonia

Klebsiella pneumonia

This pneumonia is common in children and young adults. Called walking pneumonia Bacterial

Mycoplasmal pneumonia

Small bacterium lacking cell wall Slow aerobic growth Colonies look like fried eggs Describes the causative agent for this Bacterial infection AKA walking pneumonia

Mycoplasmal pneumonia

The epidemiology of this bacterial pneumonia is typically very young or very old / people with compromised immune systems ie. Hospitalized paitents

Klebsiella pneumonia

This pneumonia accounts for 1/5 of bacterial pneumonia

Mycoplasmal pneumonia

M. pneumonias illness length will be shorter if given

Macrolides

Pathogenesis of pneumonia Inhalation of encapsulated pneumonococcus Inhalation of colonized mucus droplets Inhalation of infected droplets

Pneumococcal Klebsiella Mycoplasma

Epidemiology of pneumonia Risk increases from compromised immune system Common causes of health care associated pneumonia Mild infections common

Pneumococcal Klebsiella Mycoplasmal

Pertussis is aka

Whooping cough

Bordella pertussis is the causative agent of...

Whooping cough

With pertussis the paitent is most infectious during the

Catarrhal stage

How is whooping cough preventable

Vaccine DTaP Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis

Signs and symptoms of this disease include 3 stages Catarrhal: runny rose fever Paroxymial: violent coughing Convalescence

Pertussis - Whooping Cough

Pathogenesis Colonize lower respitory tract Cilary action slowed Toxins released cause death of epithelial cells & increased cAMP Rise in lymphocytes

Pertussis: whooping cough

TB Can be a latent infection first and may later become active True or false

True

Slender acid fast rod shapped bacteria Strict aerobic generation time 16 hr Describe this causative agent

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Pathogenesis of this disease includes Alveolar macrophages eating them Due to Mycolic acids they prevent fusion of the phagosome and lysosome Pro-inflammatory response calls more macrophages Form a granuloma called a "tubercles"

Lymphocytes on the outside of the tubercle seen on an Xray are called

Ghon foci

Lymphocytes on outside of tubercle with lymph nodes involved are called

Ghon complex

Foamy macrophages (with lipids) thought to play important role in death of tissue are called From this disease

Caseous necrosis TB

Tubercle ruptures, releases bacteria, dead material Causes large lung defects called

Tuberculous Cavity

Both skin and blood tests, lung x rays are used to ID this Bacterial Infection of Lower Respitory System

Treatment for this Bacterial Lower Respitory Infection is Lengthy 4 and then 2 anti Bacterial medications

This causative agent of this Bacterial infection of Lower Respitory Stains poorly immunofluorescence Gram-negative rod, fastidious Persist in biofilms

Legionella pneumonia

Epidemiology Wide spread in warm waters containing protozoan, which house the bacteria From aerosols from air-conditioning systems, nebulizer, water faucets No Person to Person Spread

Legionellosis

Primarily a disease of live stock describes this Bacterial infection of the lower respitory system

Inhalation anthrax Bacillus anthracis

Causative agent Endospore forming , Gram positive, non-hemolytic , non-motile, rod shapped bacteria

Bacillus anthracis

Epidemiology Zoonosis can be transmitted to humans working with animals or animal products Not person to person Describes this Bacterial lower respitory disease

Anthrax

Influenza (flu) Is this type ___ of Infection of the lower respitory system

Viral

Minor mutations in HA and NA genes responsible for seasonal influenza are due to this

Antigentic drift

Antigenic shift: uncommon concurrent infection allows mixture of 8 RNA segments and causes

Pandemic influenza

Children 5 - 15 with influenza should not be given a aspirin due to

Reyes syndrome

This viral infection of the Lower Respitory system Causative agent; Enveloped single stranded RNA "paramyxovirus"

Respitory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

Treatment of this viral infection of the lower respitory system No vaccine No antiviral treatment Passive immunization with immune globulins or monoclonal antibodies

Respitory Syncytical Virus (RSV)

Fungal infection of lower respitory system Newly emerging disease 1993 Associated with exposure to mice

Hantavirus

Causative agent Fungal infection Sin nombre virus / bunyavirus Enveloped single stranded RNA genome 3 segment Affects rodents but is harmless to them

Hantavirus

Pathogenesis enters by Inhalation of dust contaminated with urine, feces , salvia, of infected rodents FUNGAL INFECTION LOWER RESPITORY Person to Person infection rare

Havtavirus

Does hantavirus have any treatment or prevention

Nope

2 novel coronaviruses caused by new diseases

SARS Sever Acute Respitory Syndrome MERS Middle East Respitory Syndrome

Causative agents of SARS and MERS

SARS coronavirus MERS coronavirus

Enveloped single stranded RNA virus with spikes on surface giving a Crown like appearance

SARS & MERS

Pathogenesis Infect cells in lower respitory tract Replicate genome with virus induced vesicles that hide from host response Produces Strong Cytokine storm

SARS & MERS

Zoonotic virus, bats Transmitted person to person Respitory droplets

SARS & MERS

Treatment available for SARS & MERS

No, only experimental treatments Ventilador

Valley fever aka

Coccidioidomycosis

People exposed to dust and soil in the southwest are most likely to develop this disease From this fungus

Valley fever Coccidiodomycosis

Pathogenesis ______ inhaled From this dimorphic Fungus Coccidioidomycosis / Valley Fever

Arthroconidia

______ aka ( Spelunkers Disease) Usually benign

Histoplasmosis

The causative agent from this disease is: Histoplasma capsulatum

Spelunkers disease

Sever lung infection Killed malnurished premature infants From Fungus infection

Pneumocytis pneumonia

Causative agent if this disease is: Pneumocystis jiroveci Tiny yeast-like Fungus Pathogenesis: cells inhaled into lung tissue

Pneumocytis pneumonia

Pink eye, earache, sinus infections All have the same Causative agents (2)

Haemophilus influenza & Streptococcus pneumoniae

Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by a bacterium called ... Has this type of staining property

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Acid fast

Conjunctivitis, otitis media, sinusitis (Haemophilus influenza & Streptococcus pneumonia) Streptococcal Pharyngitis (Strep throat) (Streptococcal pyogenes) Diphtheria (Corynebacterium diphtheria) Are all what kind of infection where

Bacterial infections of Upper respitory system

Common cold (Rhino virus / Picornavirus) Adenovirus Are viruses located where

Upper respitory tract

Streptococcus pneumonia causes

Pneumococcal pneumonia

Ghon foci and ghon complex are involved in this disease

Bordetella pertussis is a bacteria that causes this lower respitory system disease

Pertussis (whopping cough)

Lower respitory start below the epiglottis and includes

Larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs & alveoli

What is the normal flora if the lower respitory system

None

Pneumonitis is...

Inflammation of the lungs

Sinuses, middle ear, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli have this normal flora

None, sterile

Nasal cavity, nasopharynx, mouth, throat contain normal flora

Yes , no need to be specific

A quick test in the Dr's office will reveal "Lancefield Group A Carbohydrate " in relation to this UPPER RESPITORY BACTERIAL INFECTION

Strep throat (Streptococcus pyogenes)

Pathogenesis of the UPPER RESPITORY BACTERIAL INFECTION C5a Peptidase Hyaluronic Capsule M-Protein Protein F Protein G

Strep throat (S. pyrogenes)

Scarlet fever Toxic shock syndrome Flesh eating Act as super antigens Are all associated with the Exotoxins from this UPPER RESPITORY BACTERIAL INFECTION

Strep throat (Streptococcus pyrogenes)

Streptolysons O & S cause this type of Hemolysis of both RBC & WBC (UPPER RESPITORY BACTERIAL INFECTION) Strep throat (S pyrogenes)

Beta hemolysis

Quincy abcess of tonsils (During) Kidney inflammation (Acute Glomerular Nephritis) & Acute Rheumatic Fever (Both After) Are associated with this UPPER RESPITORY BACTERIAL INFECTION

Strep throat (Streptococcus pyogenes)

Diphtheria is an UPPER RESPITORY BACTERIAL INFECTION caused by

Corynebacterium diphtheria

Diphtheria a UPPER RESPITORY BACTERIAL INFECTION is caused by corynebacterium Diphtheria and produces this type of toxin

Exotoxin

Special media is needed to grow Corynebacterium diphtheria what is special about the requirements of this growth medium

Too little Iron Iron will bind to repressor and shut down Toxin production

Pathogenesis Corynebacterium diphtheria doesn't invade tissue ; however, it releases _____ into the blood system.

Exotoxin

Diphtheria a Bacterial Upper respitory tract infection What are the reservoirs of infection

Humans Only

Prevention of Diphtheria (UPPER RESPITORY BACTERIAL INFECTION) is...

DPT vaccine Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus

UPPER RESPITORY BACTERIAL INFECTIONS Pink eye: Conjunctivitis Otitis Media: Ear ache Sinusitis Are caused by these 2 bacteria

Streptococcus pneumoniae Haemophilus influenza

The Rhinovirus which is a viral infection of the upper respitory tract is in this family of viruses

Picornavirus

This is the sever VIRAL infection of the UPPER RESPITORY TRACT. Fever associated

Adenovirus Andenoviral Pharyngitis

Which pneumonia has a vaccine

Pneumococcal pneumonia

This pneumonia has a higher risk for drug users and people with lung issues This pneumonia often colonies people who are taking antibiotics This pneumonia is the most mild of all

Pneumococcal Klebsiella Mycoplasma

What are nosocomial infections

Hospital

Rusty colored sputum is associated with this type of bacterial pneumonia Jelly red sputum is associated with this

Pneumococcal Klebsiella

This type of pneumonia has lung tissue death. The others don't

Klebsiella (enterobacter) kills lung tissue

This pneumonia is a "Rod shapped Gram-negative " & "Enterobacter "

Klebsiella

This pneumonia is most likely to cause death and is resistant to most antibiotics

Klebsiella

Bordetella pertussis causes this LOWER RESPITORY BACTERIAL INFECTION

Whopping cough

Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes this LOWER RESPITORY BACTERIAL INFECTION

What is Mycobacterium staining process

Acid fast

This LOWER RESPITORY BACTERIAL INFECTION Is associated with macrophages taking in the bacteria then get lysed. Macrophages form Giant Cell & then granulomas

TB Mycobacterium tuberculosis

This TB test involves injecting the skin with purified protein derivative of TB

Mantoux

LOWER RESPITORY BACTERIAL INFECTION from protozoa this disease is spread through aersol droplets

Legionairs disease

This virus of the lower respitory tract is an orthomyxovirus

Influenza

8 piece single stranded RNA virus describes

Influenza virus

In influenza Mutations in H antigen = Genetic mixing if 2 viruses infect the same host =

Antigenic Drift Antigenic Shift

Guillain-Bure syndrome is associated with what?

Paralysis due to influenza vaccine 1/100,000

Croup cough, destruction of the larynx, is due to this LOWER RESPITORY VIRAL INFECTION

RSV Respitory Syncycial Virus

This LOWER RESPITORY VIRUS allows air into the lungs but not out

RSV Respitory Syncycial Virus

This LOWER RESPITORY FUNGAL INFECTION is caused by Histoplasma capsulatum Dimorphic: Yeast in host Mold in soil

Spelunkers disease

This LOWER RESPITORY FUNGAL INFECTION Organism: Bunyavirus Carried by infected rodents No treatment $$$$$$ good card $$$$$

Hantavirus

Diphtheria (corynebacterium Diphtheria) Strept Throat (Streptococcus pyogenes) Pinkeye (Conjunctivitis) Ear infection (Otitis Media) Sinitus (Haemophilus influenza & Streptococcus pneumonia) All of this in common

Bacterial infections of Upper respitory tract

Influenza (Orthomyxovirus) RSV ( paramyxovirus) SARS & MERS ( Corona Virus)

Lower viral respitory

Whooping cough (bordetella pertussis) TB (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) Legionairs disease (legionella pneumonia) Inhalation Anthrax (Bacillus Anthracis) All have this in common

Bacterial Lower Respitory

Spelunkers disease (histoplasma capsulatum) Hantavirus (Bunyavirus) Valley fever (coccidioidomycosis) All have this in common

Lower respitory FUNGAL INFECTION

Streptococcus pyogenes Name disease Location

Strep throat Upper

Haemophilus influenza & Streptococcus pneumonia Name diseases and location

Conjunctivitis, otitis media, Sinitus Upper respitory tract

Adenovirus Pharyngitis Name disease Location

Adenovirus Upper respitory tract

Rhinovirus Name disease Location

Common cold Upper respitory tract

Orthomyxovirus Disease Location

Influenza Lower Respitory tract

Paramyxovirus Disease Location

RSV Respitory Syncycial Virus Low Respitory tract

Coronavirus Diseases Location

SARS & MERS SUDDEN ACUTE RESPITORY SYNDROME MIDDLE EAST RESPITORY SYNDROME Lower respitory tract

Bordetella pertussis Disease Location

Whopping cough Lower Respitory system

Mycobacterium causes this disease Location

TB Lower Respitory system

Legionella pneumonia Disease Location

Legionairs Lower Respitory system

Bunyavirus (fungal) Disease Location

Hantavirus Lower Respitory tract

Chapter 21: Respitory Infections Flashcards

(160 cards)