Chapter 19: Epidemiology

Question 1

The proportion of susceptible persons developing illness in a population exposed to an infectious agent

Answer 1

Attack rate

Question 2

The proportion of persons diagnosed with a specific disease who die from that disease

Answer 2

Case-fatality rate

Question 3

Infectious disease that can be transmitted from one person to another

Answer 3

Communicable disease

Question 4

A disease or other occurrence that is constantly present in a population

Answer 4

Endemic

Question 5

Number of New cases of a disease or condition in a population at risk during a specified time period

Answer 5

Incidence

Question 6

Morbidity

Answer 6

Illness

Question 7

Death, often expressed as the rate of death in a defined population

Answer 7

Mortality

Question 8

A group of cases occurring during a brief time period and affecting a specific population

Answer 8

Outbreak

Question 9

An epidemic that has spread around the world

Answer 9

Pandemic

Question 10

Total number of cases of a disease or condition in a given population at a point in time or over a specific time period

Answer 10

Prevalece

Question 11

The natural habitat of a pathogen; sum of the potential sources of an infectious agent

Answer 11

Reservoir of infection

Question 12

The study of the distribution and causes of disease in a population

Answer 12

Epidemiology

Question 13

This term is the average number of secondary cases that develop from a single case in a susceptible population

Answer 13

Basic reproductive number

Question 14

Which (incidence/ prevalence) provides a measure of the risk that an individual will contract the disease

Answer 14

Incidence

Question 15

Verticle disease transmission is…
Horizontal disease transmission is…

Answer 15

Vertical mother to child
Horizontal Person to Person

Question 16

Is projection of droplets onto mucus membranes considered Direct Transmission

Answer 16

No, according to the teacher

Question 17

Airborne
Vehicle borne
Vector borne

Are this type of transmission

Answer 17

Indirect

Question 18

Study that characterizes a disease outbreak by determining the attributes of the person affected as well as the place and time

Answer 18

Descriptive study

Question 19

A graph that illustrates the progress of an outbreak by showing the distribution of the cases over time

Answer 19

Epidemic curve

Question 20

Outbreak of disease in which the infectious agent is transmitted to others, resulting in steadily increasing numbers of people becoming ill

Answer 20

Propagated epidmic

Question 21

First Identified case of a disease in an epidmic

Answer 21

Index case

Question 22

Outbreak of disease due to contaminated food, water, or other single source of an infectious agent

Answer 22

Common-source epidemic

Question 23

____ epidemics are more common in winter due to people being inside

____ epidemics are more common in summer due to picnics and mosquitoes

Answer 23

Propagated

Common-source

Question 24

____ are designed to determine which of the potential risk factors Identified by the descriptive studies are actually relevant in the spread of disease

Answer 24

Analytical studies

Question 25

In epidemiology a study that compares activities of people who developed a disease with those of people who did not

Answer 25

Case-control study

Question 26

These studies don't try to establish the cause of a disease, but instead seek to identify risk factors for the disease

Answer 26

Cross-sectional

Question 27

An epidemiological study to see if previously identified risk factors actually predict a tendency to develop the disease

Answer 27

Cohort study

Question 28

A type of study done to access the effectiveness of measures to prevent or treat disease

Answer 28

Experimental study

Question 29

Which agency _____ with local and state public health dept monitors disease development

Answer 29

CDC

Question 30

Infectious disease that is increasing in incidence or geographic region

Answer 30

Emerging infectious disease

Question 31

Nosocomial infection is better known as

Answer 31

Health care infections

Question 32

A disease that has a much higher incidence than usual

Answer 32

Epidemic

Question 33

A ___ carries a microbe on its body; a pathogen can multiply within a ______

Answer 33

Mechanical vector Biological vector

Question 34

The dose The incubation period Host population Environment Are all factors that influence

Answer 34

Epidemiology of disease

Question 35

Determining the time that the illness occurred helps distinguish a ________ from a ________

Answer 35

Common-source epidemic/ propagated epidemic

Question 36

_____ survey a range of people at a defined point in time

Answer 36

Cross sectional studies

Question 37

____ compares groups to determine if the identified risk factors predict a tendency to develop disease

Answer 37

Cohort studies

Question 38

____ fever in 1841 caused bacterial infection in women after child birth

Answer 38

Puereperal

Question 39

% of population affected

Answer 39

Rate of disease

Question 40

% of people EXPOSED to disease which become infected

Answer 40

Rate of attack

Question 41

Cases of illness in a given time ÷ by the population at risk

Answer 41

Morbidity rate

Question 42

Total number of old and new cases in a population at risk

Answer 42

Prevalence

Question 43

5 principles of epidemiology 1. Communicable Disease 2. Reservoir of infection 3. Portal of exit 4. Transmission to next host 5. _________

Answer 43

Portal of entry

Question 44

Yersinia pestis carried by rodents is better known as

Answer 44

The plague Black plague Bubonic plague

Question 45

Leptospirosis define

Answer 45

A bacterial disease spread through the urine of infected animals. Humans can be affected

Question 46

Pathogen small than ____ microns may travel to the lungs

Answer 46

10

Question 47

These percentages of Vaccinated/ Recovered people make up herd immunity

Answer 47

70 - 90%