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Pathogenic Microbiology > Chapter 18: Immunological Disorders > Flashcards

Chapter 18: Immunological Disorders Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

A damaging immune response to a typically harmless environmental antigen

A

Allergy

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2
Q

Damaging reaction to the immune system against self antigens

A

Auto immune disease

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3
Q

Exaggerated immune response of antigen-specific T cells

A

Delayed-type Hypersensitivity Type IV

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4
Q

Allergy treatment that induces IgG production by gradual exposure to small amounts of allergen; IgG competes with IgE

A

Desensitization

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5
Q

Exaggerated immune response that damages tissues

A

Hypersensitivity

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6
Q

Combination of antibody and soluble antigens capable of triggering the classical pathway of complement system activation are called.. (name of the complex)

A

Immune Complex

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7
Q

A Condition in which the immune system does not provide an adequate response

A

Immunodeficiency

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8
Q

Potentially life-threatening immediate hypersensitivity reaction caused by IgE attached to circulating Basophils

A

Systematic Anaphylaxis

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9
Q

Rapid exaggerated immune response involving Ige, commonly referred to as an alergic reaction or simply an allergy

A

Type 1 hypersensitivity

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10
Q

Allergic reactions can only occur in people who have already been sensitized due to…

A

A previous encounter with the specific allergin

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11
Q

Type 1 hypersensitivity results from class switching that gives rise to Ig___ producing plasma cells

A

IgE

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12
Q

Sensitivity in Type 1 allergies

The Fc part of the IgE antibodies binds to receptors in either ____ or _____ cells

A

Basophils or mast cells

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13
Q

Histamine, leukotrienes, Prostaglandin are all found in…

A

Basophils and mast cells

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14
Q

Cross-linking of the IgE molecules triggers the cell to….

A

Degranulate

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15
Q

1st exposure to an allergen induces an IgE antibody response, leading to …

A

Sensitization

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16
Q

Hives (urticaria) are charactized by the formation of a____ and ____

A

Wheal: Itchy Swelling
Flare: Red portion

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17
Q

Loss of blood pressure and circulation caused by a severe allergic reaction charactized by dilation of blood vessels

A

Anaphylactic shock

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18
Q

A procedure that causes the immune system to produce IgG against an allergen, which bind to the allergen, instead of IgE bound to mast cells or Basophils

A

Desensitization

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19
Q

Results when antibodies bind to molecules on the surface of a normal host cell and trigger its destruction by the complement system or by antibody-depedent cellular cytotoxicity

A

Type II hypersensitivity

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20
Q

A blood type has which Antigens/ antibodies

A

A antigens
B antibodies

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21
Q

B blood type has which Antigens/ antibodies

A

B antigens
A antibodies

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22
Q

AB blood type has which Antigens/ antibodies

A

AB antigens
No antibodies

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23
Q

O blood type has which Antigens/ antibodies

A

No Antigens
A&B antibodies

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24
Q

A person with RhD (surface protein) is referred to as ….

A person without RhD is called

A

Rh-positive
Rh-negative

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25
Rh positive can receive blood from someone who is Rh negative, negative blood types cannot receive from anyone with a positive blood type. True or False
True
26
Disease of the fetus or newborn caused by transplancental passage of maternal antibodies against the baby's red blood cells, resulting in erythroblastosis fetalis
Hemolytic disease of new borns
27
A Rh negative woman who carries an Rh positive child will the first child experience problems? How about the following
No Yes, unless injected with RhoGam
28
This is characterized by tissue damage caused by the activation of complement proteins in response to antigen-antibody complexes lodging in that tissue
Type III hypersensitivity
29
ImmuneComplexes are when an antibody and antigen combine. When are they eaten by phagocities
When they are large
30
ImmuneComplexes are when an antibody and antigen combine. These complex activate _____which causes what
Complement Basophils to degranulate
31
When basophils degranulate vaso_____ happens When neutrophils degranulate what happens...
Vasodilation Tissue damage
32
A localized immune complex reaction that occurs when antigen is injected into a previously immunized person who already has high level of circulating specific antibodies
Arthus reaction
33
Systemic immune complex disease that can result from passive immunization using animal serum; antibodies form against antigens in the serum
Serum sickness
34
A T cell-mediated inflammation of the skin occurring as a result of contact with the particular antigen, a form of delayed-type hypersensitivity
Allergic contact dermatitis
35
_____ are small molecules that elicit an immune response only when attached to a large carrier such as a protein
Hapten
36
This type of hypersensitivity results in lysis of the cell
Type II
37
This type of hypersensitivity arise when immune complexes persist in the tissue and activate the complement system, triggering an autoimmune response
Type III hypersensitivity
38
This type of sensitivity is delayed-type and depends on the action of sensitized T cellls
Type IV
39
What is the effector in all hypersensitivity except Delayed-type Cell-mediated
B cells In Delayed-type cell-mediated it's T cells
40
Type of antbody in Type I hypersensitivity
IgE
41
Type of antibodies used in type II & III
IgG IgM
42
Autoimmune disease may lead to the production of auto antibodies, which do what?
Antibodies that bind to "self" molecules
43
Rheumatoid Arthritis & Lupus erythematosus are examples of
Systemic autoimmune diseases
44
Graves disease is an autoimmune disease that causes ...
Over-activation of the thyroid gland. Symptoms include weight loss, fatigue, Goiter, and bulging eyes
45
This disease is autoimmune and involves auto antibodies blocking the acetylcholine receptors in muscles, rendering them ineffective.
Myasthenia Graves
46
This autoimmune disease affects the CNS, the myelin sheath, leading to paralysis
Multiple sclerosis
47
This autoimmune disease is caused by the destruction of pancreatic beta cells by cytotoxic cells
Type 1 diabetes mellitus
48
Sever combined immunodeficiency & DiGeorge syndrome are both this type of immunodeficiency
Lymphocytes deficiency
49
One of the most common immunodeficiency is Antibody deficiency where this antibody under produced
IgA
50
Defects of phagocytes where they are unable to produce _____ is an immunodeficiency
Reactive Oxygen Species
51
What is the difference between primary and secondary immunodeficiency
Primary at birth Secondary Acquired usually through cancer or a virus
52
What is destroyed in AIDS
Helper T cells
53
Hives, hay fever, asthma are all this type of allergic reaction
Localized
54
____ occurs when specific antigens react with IgE bound to mast cells or basophils, causing the cell to degranulate.
Type I hypersensitivity
55
____ aka cytotoxic reactions, occur when antibodies bound to the surface of a host cell trigger its destruction by Complement Proteins or by antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
Type II hypersensitivity
56
This type of hypersensitivity is mediated by small immune complexes that activate complement, attracting neutrophils, and contributing to inflammation
Type III hypersensitivity
57
_____ are due to antigen-specific T-cell responses and can occur almost anywhere in the body.
Delayed-type hypersensitivity aka Type IV hypersensitivity
58
Response against autoantigens can lead to ______
Autoimmune disease
59
4 types of Hypersensitivity Immune Complex Mediated Cytotoxic Delayed Cell-Mediated IgE
3 2 4 1
60
This type of immunoglobulin is important in protection against worms and other parasite
IgE
61
In alergic people Ig____ is produced instead of Ig___
IgE instead of IgG
62
Allergic Rhinitis is aka
Hay fever
63
Rh negative person who is exposed to Rh positive will produce ____ to destroy the Rh positive cells
Anti Rh antibodies
64
Without Rhogam the mother produces anti Rh antibodies that will attack the Rh positive child causing what disease
Anemia
65
Immune Complexs (antigen / antibody) that are large are destroyed how.
Phagocytes
66
An example of type IV Delayed-type T cell mediated hypersensitivity is ____ where the skin comes into contact with an allergen
Contact Dermatitis
67
Allografts are these
Tissue ans organ transplants
68
Today immune suppressants affect only this type of immunity
Cellular Immunity
69
Hashimoto and Graves disease are autoimmune diseases that affect (this organ)
Thyroid
70
Rheumatoid arthritis destroys
Hyaline joint Cartilage
71
Myasthenia Graves affects the transmission of this chemical messenger
Acetylcholine
72
In this syndrome the Thymus fails to develop hence no mature T cells
DiGeorge syndrome
73
Cancer in the lymph tissue is called
Multiple Myeloma
74
This is the most common Immune Deficiency disorder
Lack of IgA 1 in 700 people
75
Cyclosporin (immune suppresent) specifically interferes with ...
T cells
76
Delayed type hypersensitivity reaction in the skin Characterized by wheal and flair Peak 4 to 6 hours after exposure Require complement activation Due to an effector T cell response Depend on activities of the Fc portion of antibodies
Due to an effector T cell response
77
All of the following are used to treat autoimmune disease except Immunosuppressive drugs Surgery Antibiotics Anti-inflammatory drugs Replacement therapy, insulin in diabetes
Antibiotics
78
Which types of Hypersensitivity reactions are B cells involved
I, II, III NOT type IV

Pathogenic Microbiology (31 decks)

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