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Pathogenic Microbiology > Chapter 4 & 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 & 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Polymer-encased community of microorganisms

A

Biofilm

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2
Q

A culture medium of exact chemical composition; generally used for experiments where nutrients must be precisely controled.

A

Chemical defined medium

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3
Q

A culture medium that contains protein digests, extracts, or other ingredients that vary in their chemical composition

A

Complex medium

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4
Q

A culture medium with an ingredient that certain microorganisms change in a recognizable way; used to differentiate based in metabolic traits

A

Differential medium

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5
Q

Stage in the growth curve during which cells divide at a constant rate; generation time is measured during this period of active multiplication

A

Exponential (Log)Phase

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6
Q

Organisms that grow best if O² is available, but also grow with out it.

A

Facultative Anaerobe

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7
Q

The time it takes for 1 population to double in number

A

Generation Time

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8
Q

Organisms that requires O²

A

Obligate Aerobe

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9
Q

Organsim that cannot multiply, and is often killed, in the presence of O²

A

Obligate Anaerobe

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10
Q

A population descended from a single cell

A

Pure culture

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11
Q

A culture medium with an ingredient that inhibits the growth of microbes other than the one being sought

A

Selective medium

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12
Q

Asexual process of reproduction in which one cell divides to form 2 daughter cells

A

Binary fission

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13
Q

Planktonic cells are …

A

Free floating

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14
Q

Mixture of hydrophobic polyermes ,polysaccharides, DNA, and proteins secreted by microbial cells as part of biofilm formation

A

Extracellular Polymeric Substances

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15
Q

Simplest and most commonly used technique for isolating bacteria; a series of successive streak patterns is used to sequentially dilute on the surface of an agar plate.

A

Streak-plate method

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16
Q

A system such as a tube, flask, or agar plate where nutrients are not replenished and waste are not removed as microorganisms grow

A

Closed system

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17
Q

Bacterial growth curve phase where there is ATP synthesis but no increase in cell numbers

A

Lag phase

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18
Q

When are bacteria most sensitive to antimicrobial medications and why?

A

During exponential growth phase

They are dividing and thus penicillin works best during this time

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19
Q

Compounds synthesized by a cell during the log phase

A

Primary metabolites

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20
Q

Microbial compounds that are made for purposes other than growth are called

A

2nd metabolites

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21
Q

Antibiotics are an example of this type of metabolite

A

2ndary

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22
Q

Primary metabolites are synthesized during the period of ______ . 2ndary metabolites begin to be synthesized in ________

A

Active multiplication / Early Log Phase

Late log phase

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23
Q

When neutrient levels are too low to sustain life and the stage where the number of viable cells remains constant

A

Stationary Phase

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24
Q

What does a chemostat do?

A

Allows nutrients to be added and waste to be removed from a bacterial growing enclosed

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25
When organisms use O² in aerobic respiration, harmful derivatives called __________ form as by products
Reactive Oxygen Species Harmful derivatives of O² such as superoxide O²- and hydrogen peroxide H²O²
26
Most organisms that grown in oxygen produce this enzyme that turns superoxide into O² and hydrogen peroxide
Superoxide dismutase
27
The enzyme catalase does ...
Converts hydrogen peroxide into O² and water
28
Dehydration and shrinkage of cytoplasm from the cell as a result of diffusion of water out of a cell
Plasmolysis
29
______ require high level of salt
Halophiles
30
Hetrotrophs use ____ carbon Autotrophs use _____ carbon
Organic Inorganic
31
The conversion of nitrogen to ammonia is called It is then incorporated into amino acids
Nitrogen fixing
32
Nutrients that limit growth because it is present at the lowest level concentration relative to need Exp Phosphorus & Iron
Limiting nutrients
33
Compounds that a particular bacterium require in a growth medium because they cannot synthsize them
Growth factors
34
Fastidious means
Having complicated nutritional needs
35
This type of medium contains variety of Ingredients such as meat juices, digested proteins, & Blood agar
Complex media
36
What is chocolate agar and which type of media is it an example of
Lysed red blood cells + supplements Complex media
37
Blood agar is which types of media. Explain how this media is used to distinguish between Streptococcus bacteria Describe alpha and beta lysis
Complex & Differential Streptococcus pyogenes cause Beta lysis, clear zone around the colony Alpha is characterized by a greenish discolorization
38
MacConkey agar is this type It contains lactose and ph indicator that turns bacteria that ferment sugar Ph indicated pink-red.
Differential and selective
39
Culture method that provides conditions to enhance the growth of 1 particular species in a mixed population
Enrichment Culture
40
How does direct microscope count work to determine the number of cells?
Cells are put on a square with a known amount of water. This number is averaged and multiple by the volume of water
41
Cell counting and Direct cell count machines have 1 major disadvantage ....
It can't distinguish between living and dead cells
42
To count colonies on an agar plate which 2 methods can be used.
Spread-plate method Pour-plate method
43
Which cell count method is used to count with the least possible bacteria Such as a lake
Membrane filtration
44
Tech used to obtain statical estimates of cell numbers,a sample is successively diluted until the subsequent dilution receives no cells
Most probable number (MPN) method
45
The cloudiness of a sample is called....
Turbidity
46
This cell counting method is very rapid and used routinely. A correct is done between the fluid first than the fluids cloudiness is measured with a Spectrometer
Turbidity
47
_______ counts determine the number of cells capable of multiplying
Plate
48
________ estimates the cell concnetration
Most probably number MPN
49
______ use inorganic compounds for energy and derive their carbon from CO ²
Chemolithoautotrophs
50
Organisms that use light as the energy source and organic compounds as a carbon source
Photoheterotrophs
51
Organisms that obtain energy and carbon from organic compounds
Chemoorganoheterotrophs
52
A candle jar makes this type of environment
High Co2
53
This type of cell count involves counting cells through a microscope
Direct count
54
An isolated cell on an agar plate will....
Form a single colony
55
Population of prokaryotic cells undergo 5 stages
Lag Exponential growth log Stationary Death Prolonged death
56
Is boiling an example of sterilization
No, endospores can survive it
57
Difference in useage in High-Temperature-Short-Time & Ultra-High-Temperature method of pasteurization
HTST 72C for 15 seconds (Milk / Ice Cream) UHT 140C few seconds (juice boxes/ boxed milk)
58
Chemical endoscopres and heat tape are 2 ways to verify an autoclave is working True or False
True
59
Give an example of Dry heat (Incineration) Moist heat used to destroy microbes
Dry = The loop in class Moist = Auto Clave
60
The wavelength is ________ proportional to the frequency Radiation with _____ waves has a _____ frequency
Inversely Short / High
61
Ionozing radiation harms cells by destroying ______ It also reacts with O² to produce _____________
DNA reactive oxygen species
62
Which are most susceptible to Ionizing Radiation Which are the least
Gram-negative Salmonella & Pseudomonas Bacterial Endospores
63
Categories of Germicidal Potency These destroy all microbes and endospores in about 6 -10 hrs Used to treat critical instruments
Steriliants
64
Categories of Germicidal Potency These detroy all viruses and vegetative microorganisms Not Endospores. Used to treat semi critical instruments Contact with mucos membranes and non-intact skin
High level disinfectants
65
Categories of Germicidal Potency Destroys all vegetative bacteria (including mycobacteria) Disinfectant Non Critical instruments
Intermediate level disinfectants
66
Categories of Germicidal Potency Destroy fungi, vegetative (Not Mycobacteria) , most viruses Used on floors, walls, and furniture
Low-level disinfectants
67
Aqueous solution used as antiseptics to clean skin before it is broken (needle) & a disinfectants for cleaning instruments
Alcohols
68
Glutaraldehyde and ortho-phthalaldehyde are used to sterilize medical instruments. Formalin is used in vaccine production and to preserve biological specimens
Aldehydes
69
Used in a variety of cleaning products disinfectant solutions, antiseptics by Healthcare & prescription mouthwash. Incorporated into catheters and surgical mesh
Biguanides (chlorhexidine)
70
Commonly used to sterilized medical devices
Ethylene Oxide Gas
71
_____ is used in topical dressings to prevent infection of burns.
Silver
72
Used to disinfect drinking and waste water
Ozone
73
____ is used to sterilize juice and milk containers ______ is a widely used to disinfect and sterilez medical devices
Hydrogen peroxide Peracetic acid
74
________ were common antiseptics in the past but there are now safety concerns
Triclosan & hexachlorophene
75
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (Benzalkonium chloride) are cationic detergents that....
Disinfectant of inanimate objects and preserve non food substances Not very toxic, safe for counter tops
76
Benzoic, sorbic, propionic are what
Acids that are added to food to preserve
77
What do Nitrates & Nitrites do What bacteria do they prevent
Prevent bacterial growth Give preserved meats a pink color Endospores & Clostridium botulinum
78
Ultra violet light damages the structure and function of ...
Nucleic Acid
79
Pseudomonas fluorescents Gram-positive or Gram-negative
Gram-negative
80
Time, temp, pressure required to killed everything
121 Celsius, 15 lb sq In, 15 minutes

Pathogenic Microbiology (31 decks)

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