Chapter 24: GI Tract Infections Flashcards
(125 cards)
1
Q
John Snow demonstrated that Cholera is transmitted from
A
Contaminated water
2
Q
GI tract refers to
A
Stomach and intestines
3
Q
Hollow tube from mouth to anus is called
A
Digestive tract
4
Q
Salivary glands, liver, pancreas are collectively known as
A
Accessory Organs to the GI tract
5
Q
Mouth, Salivary Glands, Esophagus, Stomach make up…
A
Upper digestive system
6
Q
Dental caries are aka
A
Cavities
7
Q
Gingivitis is when…
A
Gums become inflamed
8
Q
Muscular tube from mouth to stomach
A
Esophagus
9
Q
Mucus and saliva containing secretory Ig___ bathes the lining of the esophagus
A
A
10
Q
Small and large intestines, pancreas, liver all make up the
A
Lower digestive system
11
Q
What increases the surface area in the small intestines
A
Villi and microvilli
12
Q
Streptococcus mutans cause which bacterial disease of the upper digestive tract
A
Dental caries (cavities)
13
Q
Streptococcus mutant convert Sucrose and other sugars into Extracellular Insoluble Polysaccharides called
A
Glucans
14
Q
_____ essential for development of dental caries on smooth tooth surfaces
A
Glucan
15
Q
Periodontal disease includes these 2 illnesses
A
Gingivitis & Chronic periodontist
16
Q
Chronic periodontist: destructive response that damages structures that support teeth: Destroys ______ that tie surface of tooth to bone
A
Periodontal Ligaments
17
Q
Gums tender, bleed easily is called
A
Gingivitis
18
Q
Bad breath, red shiny gums bleed easy, loosening of teeth (Periodontal ligaments errode) are hallmarks of this…
A
Chronic periodontist
19
Q
The causative agent of Periodontal disease is mostly….
A
Gram-negative anaerobes
20
Q
What percentage of 65 year Olds have periodontal disease
A
90%
21
Q
Trench month / Meth month’s proper name is
A
Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG)
22
Q
Which type of bacteria are most likely to be in the mouth
A
Anaerobes
23
Q
This morphology of bacteria invade gum tissue and cause Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis
A
Spirochete
24
Q
Stomach ulcers are caused by this bacteria
A
Helicobacter pylori gastritis
25
How is Helicobacter pylori transmitted
Fecal via oral route & well water
26
How do antibiotics + medication help with helicopylori
Inhibit acid production
27
This Viral disease of the upper digestive system called Oral Herpes Simplex consists of these (2)
Cold sores & fever blisters
28
Herpes simplex virus 1 affects this area
And HSV 2 affects this area
Generally, but both can affect either
1. Oral
2. Genital
29
Herpes simplex virus hides where in a latent form
Nerve cells
30
Herpes can be transmitted by fomites
T or F
T
31
Acyclovir targets HSV in this method & doesn't affect latent virus
DNA polymerase
32
This Virus of the Upper digestive system is marked by
Swelling of Parotid Glands
Spasms of muscles in front of ear talking and chewing difficult
After puberty
Orchitis swelling of testicles 3 -4 times normal size
Mumps
33
Mumps a viral disease of the upper digestive tract can spread how long before and after symptoms
1 week before
2 weeks after
34
Gastroenteritis is better know as this
Stomach flu
35
In Dysentery associated with Gastroenteritis this is found in the stool
Blood and pus
36
In Gastroenteritis
_____ cause water and electorate loss
_____ cause cell death
Enterotoxins
Cytotoxins
37
Treatment for Gastroenteritis is
Oral rehydration therapy
Counter act the loss of fluid and electrolytes
38
This Bacterial disease of the lower digestive tract can amount to 20 liters of diarrea per day
Caused by Vibrio ____
Cholerae
39
This Bacterial disease has a high infectious dose_____
And a vibro shapped bacteria
Cholera
40
Vibro Cholera has this type of toxin
A/B
41
Fecal contaminated water most common causes of this Bacterial infection of the lower digestive tract
Foods including crab, oysters, vegetables implicated
Vibro Cholera
42
This Bacterial disease of the lower digestive tract has 4 causative agents
S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri, S. boydii, S. sonnei (Ordered from most to least virulent)
Shigellosis
43
specialized intestinal epithelial cells that are primarily found overlying GALT lymphoid follicles such as the Peyer's patches in the ileum
M cells
44
These pathogens attach to specific receptors
Induce uptake by epithelial cells, multiply, cause actin polymerization to Propel cell to cell: Limiting exposure to immune system
Shigellosis
45
Some strains of Shigellosis produce Shiga toxin, this type of toxin_____ responsibile for Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
HUS may cause Anemia and Kidney failure
A-B toxin
46
Gastroenteritis A Bacterial disease of the lower digestive system is caused by
Escherichia coli
47
Stains of E coli
____ strains from food contaminated with cow manure
STEC
48
E coli strains
____ causes diarrhea in infants and visitors to developing countries
ETEC
49
E coli stains
Primary cause of disease in young children in developing countries; not easily spread by direct control contact
EIEC
50
Salmonella enterica is the causative agent of this Bacterial disease of the lower digestive tract
Salmonella gastroenteritis
51
Children infected by pet reptiles is a common route of transmission of this bacteria
Salmonella enterica
52
Antimicrobial medications are not usually advised for this type of Lower Digestive tract disease
Salmonella
53
Examples of Enteric Fevers: systemic diseases that originate in the
Intenstines
54
Other _____ species --> Typhoid and Paratypoid fever
Salmonella
55
Salmonella Typhi & Paratyphi are Gram-negative members of this family of bacteria
Enterobacteriaceae
56
This lower bacterial digestive disease causes constipation, internal bleeding, which can lead to death.
Typhoid fever & paratyphoid fever
57
Campylobacteriosis
Fever diarrhea, vomiting
Dysentery in 1/2 cases
Is caused by this gram-negative rod
Campylobacter jejuni
58
Campylobacteriosis
Is most commonly spread by food born illnesses
Lives in the intestine tract of _____
Low infectious dose
Poultry
Campylobacter jejuni
59
Antibiotic associated diarrhea is known as
Clostridium difficle
60
More serious cases of this bacterial infection of the lower digestive tract can progress to Colitis
Producing pseudomembranes colitis
Clostridium difícil
61
This disease of the lower digestive tract forms endospores
Clostridium difficile
62
Most viral gastroenteritis worldwide in infants and children is caused by...
Rotavirus
63
Most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in the US
Class B bioterrorism agent
Norovirus gastroenteritis
64
Non-enveloped, single-stranded RNA viruses in Caliciviridae
Name this Viral infection of the lower digestive tract
Norovirus
65
Transmission of this virus by fecal-oral route, but also by aerosols and fomites
Highly contagious few than 20 virions
Common on cruise ships and dorms
MORE THAN 50% of food born illnesses from this Virus
Norovirus
66
This virus has double walled caspid
Double stranded RNA
Attenuated vaccine
While this one,
Single stranded RNA genome
Low infectious dose, epidemics common
No vaccine
Rotavirus
Norovirus
67
Atleast __ unrelated viruses can cause hepatitis, an inflammation of the liver
5
68
Most noticeable sign of hepatitis
Jaundice
69
Hepatitis A aka ______
Acute illness
Older children and adults show symptoms
Young children are asymptomatic
Infectious hepatitis
70
Hepatitis B aka ______
Ranges from asymptomatic to sever
Can become chronic 1 in 5 develop Cirrhosis which is ______
Serum hepatitis
Scarring of the liver
71
This is the most Mild hepatitis
C
72
No envelope single-stranded RNA virus of Picornavirde virus causes
Hepatitis A
73
This hepatitis is most likely from a server not washing their hands
Hepatitis A
74
Member of the Hepadnavirisae cause
Hepatitis B
75
Flavivirdae causes this
Hepatitis C
76
Which hepatitis doesn't have a vaccine but uses Direct Acting Antivirals to interfer with specific Hepatitis encoded proteins
Hepatitis C
77
Which hepatitis is from fecal oral
Which is from blood / semen
A fecal
B / C blood / semen (semen is only a possibility in C)
78
This hepatitis is usually mild
Full recovery
No chronic carriers
A
79
This hepatitis can lead to Chronic disease (Cirrhosis & Cancer)
Can cross placenta
Vaccine available
B
80
Few or no symptoms
Can lead to Cirrhosis or Cancer
Chronic carriers
No vaccine
Type of hepatitis
Hepatitis C
81
This hepatitis
Blood semen
No vaccine
Prior HBV infection needed
Can Worsen hepatitis B
Cross the placenta
Hepatitis D
82
This hepatitis
Fecal oral
No vaccine
Similar to hepatitis A
Except server disease in pregnant women
Hepatitis E
83
This Protzoan disease of the lower digestive tract
Has 2 forms: Growing/ Feeding ____
Dormant ______
Giardia lamblia
Trophozoite / cyst
84
Hikers drinking from a stream are at risk for this...
Giardiasis
85
Does chlorination destroy Giardia cysts
No, they must be filtered out
86
The causative agent for this Protozan disease is Entamoeba histolytica
Ambiasis
87
Can Giardia lambila be transmitted from person to person
Yes
88
Entamoeba histolytica which causes the disease Amebiasis
Can penetrante intestine lining causing bloody diarrhea called
Amebic dysentery
89
Which is the feeding form of the Protozoans
Trophozites
90
Helicobacter survives acidic stomach acid by secreting _____, which breaks urea into carbon dioxide and Ammonia.
Ammonia _____ stomach acid
They use flagella to penetrante the mucous layer and attach to epithelium
Stomach acids damage exposed tissue, causing ___
Urease
Neutralizes
An ulcer
91
______ increase secretion of water and electrolytes.
_____ cause cell death
Enterotoxins
Cytotoxins
92
Hepatitis ___ has declined since 1995 (vaccine invented) but was the most common type until 2005.
Hepatitis ___ declined since mid 80s but is the most common type since 2005
Hepatitis __ is the least common type, but incidents have increased since 2012
A, B, C
93
Giardia ____ enter the mouth and pass through the acid stomach to the lower intestine where ____ are relased and multiply.
Dehydration in large intestine stimulates ____ development.
Which will mature and be eliminated from the feces
Cysts / trophozoites / cysts
94
paramyxovirus is the family in which this upper digestive tract virus comes from.
Mumps
95
paramyxoviruses causes these 3 viruses
1 of the upper digestive system
&
1 of the lower respitory system
&
1 of the skin
Mumps
RSV
Rubeola (measles)
96
Where does typhoid and paratyphoid come from.
Bacteria
Salmonella
97
What are cariogenic plaques
Decay on teeth
98
Pathogenesis of this disease is by calcium salts
Periodontal disease
99
3 types of enterobacteria rods
1 vibro
Salmonella
Shigella
Escherichia
Chlorea
100
Which enterobacter causes cell death
Shigella
101
Pathogenesis
Large number must be ingested
Attaches to epithelial of small intestine
Multiply on epithelial cells
Produce a/b exotoxin
Cholera
102
Is there a vaccine for cholera
Yes
103
Sever "Rice water" diarrhea is associated with
Cholera
104
Symptoms
Bloody diarrhea
Fever
Joint pain
Convulsiones
Shigellosis
105
Pathogenesis
Phagocytosis by macrophages
Released and enter Epithelial cells
Inside host phagosome Multiply & Kill host cells
Shigellosis
106
Small dose needed
Not killed by stomach acid
Fecal to oral transmission
No vaccine
Shigellosis
107
Ecoli
Adhere to and colonize on intestinal epithelium
ETEC Entrotoxicgenic
108
E coli (similar to Shigella)
Enters intestinal epithelial cells
Multiply inside, exit & infect other cells
EIEC Enteoinvasive
109
E coli
Diarrhea outbreaks in hospitals
Loss of microvilli
Epithelial surface thickens
Loss of ability to absorb nutrients
EPEC EnteroPathogenic
110
E coli
Sever Bloody diarrhea
Toxins cause death of intestinal epithelium
EHEC Enterohemorrhagic
111
This lower digestive Bacterial disease from animal sources is mild
From humans is fatal
Salmonella
112
Removal of the gall Bladder to stop carriers is this lower digestive tract bacteria
Salmonella typhii
113
How many trophocytes exit from each cyst
2
114
Pathogenesis
May cover intestine surface and prevent absorption
Bulky fatty feces
Gas due to bacterial breakdown
Giardia lamblia
115
Inflammation of gums and tissue around roots of teeth is called Periodontal disease
Bleeding gums
Bad breath
Gums recede
The Pathogenesis is____
Calcium salts (Dental Calculus)
Causes gingivitis
Bacteria release Hyaluronidase & Collagenase to disolve periodontal ligaments
116
Gastritis which can lead to Ulcers
And produces dark colored stool is from the organism
Helicobacter pylori
117
Which bacteria can be found in humans and well water
H. Pylori
118
Mumps, Rubeola, and RSV all share...
paramyxovirus
119
This virus can enter the Parotid Gland, Meninges, Testies, Ovaries, Pancreas
(GI tract infection)
Mumps (paramyxovirus)
120
After having mumps (paramyxovirus) does a person develop immunity
(GI tract infection)
Yes
121
Cholera has an AB exotoxin which...
A: (Entreotoxin) forces intestinal cells to pump out water and electrolytes
B: Binds
122
Salmonella requires a high or low amount of organisms to create an infection
High
123
Salmonella bacterial _____ allow entry into epithelial cells
Secretion system
124
Most common water born illness in USA
Giardia Lamblia
125
Giardia lamblia can be passed from person to person and has a (high / low) amount of organisms needed for infection
Low
