chapter 38

Question 1

what is the receptacle?

Answer 1

holds the flower up

Question 2

what are sepals?

Answer 2

green part on the bottom, protects flowers, all together are called calyx

Question 3

what are petals?

Answer 3

modified leaves, attracts pollinators, all together are called corolla

Question 4

what is the stamen?

Answer 4

the male parts of the flower, comprised of anther and filament

Question 5

what is a filament?

Answer 5

holds the anther up

Question 6

what is a anther?

Answer 6

location of pollen

Question 7

what is the carpal?

Answer 7

female parts of the lower, comprised of stigma, style, and ovary

Question 8

what is a stigma?

Answer 8

sticky so pollen can stick to it

Question 9

what is a style?

Answer 9

leads to ovary

Question 10

what is an ovary?

Answer 10

encloses young seeds

Question 11

what is a complete flower?

Answer 11

it contains all of the floral parts, both female and male parts

Question 12

what is an incomplete flower?

Answer 12

have either female or male parts

Question 13

what does monoecious mean?

Answer 13

one plant has both female and male parts

Question 14

what does diecious mean?

Answer 14

two separate plants house each flower type

Question 15

why is cross pollination preferred?

Answer 15

it increases the gene pool

Question 16

how can cross pollination occur?

Answer 16

wind water and animals

Question 17

why must wind-pollinated release large amounts of pollen?

Answer 17

to increase the chances that it’ll fertilize something

Question 18

why aren’t wind-pollinated plants colorful, fancy, or yummy?

Answer 18

there’s no need to attract organisms to it

Question 19

why does pollen occur in the spring?

Answer 19

the leaves are off the trees and so there’s an increased chance of pollination

Question 20

why must bee-pollinated plants have a sweet fragrance and are brightly colored?

Answer 20

they need to attract pollinators

Question 21

why are moths and bats attracted to white or yellow flowers?

Answer 21

they show up better in the moonlight

Question 22

why are birds attracted to color and not scent?

Answer 22

birds have an underdeveloped smell

Question 23

what is co-evolution?

Answer 23

the joint evolution of interacting species in response to selection imposed by each other (long ass moth tongue and deep pollen sac)

Question 24

what is the function of the endosperm?

Answer 24

protects and provide nutrients for embryo

Question 25

what is a seed coat?

Answer 25

a hard protective surrounding that encloses the embryo and food supply

Question 26

why does the seed enter a state of dormancy?

Answer 26

the seeds needs to have the right environment to grow

Question 27

what does a cotyledons do?

Answer 27

for nutrition in other eudicots

Question 28

how is seed dormancy maintained?

Answer 28

exclusion of water, mechanical restraint by seed coat, and chemical inhibition of embryo

Question 29

how is seed dormancy broken?

Answer 29

adding water, abrading seed coats extrenally or in digestive tracts of animals, softening seed coats by soil microogranisms, removing seed coats by fire, leacing of the chemical inhibitors

Question 30

what is hypocotyl?

Answer 30

it lifts the seed out of soil

Question 31

what is radicle?

Answer 31

becomes the main root

Question 32

what is the coleoptile?

Answer 32

protective structure that allows leaves to grow

Question 33

what does germination depend on?

Answer 33

imbibtion, diffusion where an absorption of water causes and increase in growth

Question 34

what is fruit?

Answer 34

the ovary, protects the enclosed seeds and aids in seed dispersal by wind or animals

Question 35

what are the two types of fruit?

Answer 35

dry fruit, ovrary wall dries out | fleshy fruits, when it doesnt LOL

Question 36

what are some simple fruits? (single ovary)

Answer 36

lemons, peas

Question 37

what are aggregate fruits? (multiple ovarys)

Answer 37

blackberry, raspberry

Question 38

what are multiple fruits? (cluster of fruiting ovarys)

Answer 38

figs, pineapple

Question 39

what are the dis/advantages of sexual reproduction?

Answer 39

increased gene pool, not being able to find a mate

Question 40

what are the dis/advantages of asexual reproduction?

Answer 40

dont have to find mate, small gene pool

Question 41

what is fragmentation?

Answer 41

separation of a parent plant that develop into whole plants

Question 42

why is it hard for dicieous plants to self-fertilize?

Answer 42

they are on separate plants

Question 43

what is self-incompatibility?

Answer 43

a plant's ability to reject its own pollen

Question 44

what is the general meaning of plant biotech?

Answer 44

refers to innovation in the use of plants to make useful products

Question 45

what is the specific meaning of plant biotech?

Answer 45

refers to the use of GM organisms in agriculture and industry

Question 46

what does transgenic mean?

Answer 46

organisms are those that have been engineered to express a gene from another species

Question 47

what is the BT toxin?

Answer 47

adds pext toxins therefore no pesticide needed

Question 48

what is biomass?

Answer 48

the total mass of organic matter in a group of organism

Question 49

what is biofuels?

Answer 49

fuels derived from biomass

Question 50

what are some issues about GMs?

Answer 50

chemicals could harm humans and plant can become a super-weed

Question 51

what is double fertilization?

Answer 51

egg and sperm meet and then sperm goes to 2 polar nuclei to form the endosperm