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bio 213 > chapter 52 > Flashcards

chapter 52 Flashcards

1
Q

what is ecology?

A

the study of interactions of organisms in the environment

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2
Q

what is a population?

A

a group of individuals of the same species living in an area

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3
Q

what is a community?

A

a group of populations of different species in an area

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4
Q

what is an ecosystem?

A

the community of organisms in an area

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5
Q

what is a landscape?

A

a mosaic of connected ecosystems

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6
Q

what is a biosphere?

A

the global ecosystem, the sum of all the planet’s ecosystems and landscapes

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7
Q

what is climate?

A

atmospheric conditions over a long term

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8
Q

how is climate different from weather?

A

weather happens on a daily basis, short term

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9
Q

what is the difference between microclimate and macroclimate?

A

Macroclimate consists of patterns on the global, regional, and landscape level while microclimate consists of very fine patterns (climate of community of organisms under a fallen log).

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10
Q

what is endotherm?

A

maintain our own body temp

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11
Q

what is ectotherm?

A

body temp depends on outside temp

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12
Q

the sun hits the poles at a ____ angle

A

low

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13
Q

what causes precipitation?

A

warm wet air rises due to high temps and they go towards the poles, as the air cools, it releases their water content. the now dry air goes to absorb moisture to restart the cycle

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14
Q

climate is affected by

A

seasonanilty, large bodies of water, and mountains

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15
Q

how are south facing mountains different from north facing ones?

A

south facing ones are directly in the sun and so there is less greenery growing than in the north facing ones

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16
Q

what causes a rain shadow?

A

cool air from water goes up a tall mountain and forms rain. as the air reaches the leeward side of the mountain, less moisture is left and often creates a dry environment

17
Q

what are biomes?

A

major life zones characterized by vegetation type or physical environment

18
Q

what is convergent evolution?

A

organisms with different ancestors but they look the same

19
Q

what is divergent evolution?

A

organisms with same ancestors but look different

20
Q

what is a disturbance?

A

an event that changes a community ex. fire

21
Q

what is the difference between ecological time and evolutionary time?

A

ecological time occurs min to min while evolutionary time goes over many generations

22
Q

how is dispersal different from migration?

A

dispersal is permanent, you never go back

23
Q

how does dispersal contribute to the global distribution of organisms?

A

it changes the environment and changes competition

24
Q

what is adaptive radiation?

A

rapid evolution of ancestor species into a new species that can fill an ecological role

25
Q

what are some abiotic and biotic factors that affect the distribution of organisms?

A

predation, competition, pollinators, pathogens, herbivory

26
Q

describe tropical forests

A

constant rain in rainforests (seasonal in dry) high temp year round, vertical layering, many species

27
Q

describe deserts

A

low precipitation, temp varies by day and season, specialized organisms (many nocturnal),

28
Q

describe chaparral (coastal desert)

A

cool wet winter, warm dry summers, adapted to fires and droughts,

29
Q

describe semi-arid desert

A

similar to coastal desert but with less rainfall, prone to floods

30
Q

describe savannas

A

grassland scattered with trees, large mammals, dry seasons lasting 8-9 months

31
Q

describe temperate grassland

A

highly seasonal precipitation, dominated by grasses, adapted to drought and fire, most converted to farmland

32
Q

describe northern coniferous forest (taiga)

A

largest terrestrial biome on earth, conifers dominate, low animal diversity, often hibernators

33
Q

describe temperate broadleaf (deciduous forest)

A

vertical layers, rish soil, small animals, summer rain and winter snow

34
Q

describe tundras

A

treeless plain, mainly snow, well drained soil,

bio 213 (19 decks)

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