chapter 49

Question 1

what is a nerve net?

Answer 1

interconnected neurons in most cnidarians

Question 2

what are sponges?

Answer 2

very simple, lack organized nervous systems

Question 3

what are nerves?

Answer 3

neurons bundled together

Question 4

what is cephalization?

Answer 4

organization of nerves to the head, in bilaterally symmetrical animals

Question 5

what are ganglia?

Answer 5

segmentally arranged neurons

Question 6

how does the nervous system organization usually correlate with lifestyle?

Answer 6

noncomplex organisms usually have a noncomplex nervous system and vice versa

Question 7

what is the cerebrospsinal fluid?

Answer 7

circulates slowly through the ventricles and central canal and drains into the veins, supplying the CNS with nutriments and hormones and carrying away wastes

Question 8

what is gray matter?

Answer 8

made up of neuron cell bodies

Question 9

what is white matter?

Answer 9

bundled axons

Question 10

what does the spinal cord do?

Answer 10

conveys information to and from the brain and generates basic pattern of locomotion

Question 11

what is a reflex?

Answer 11

the body’s automatic response to certain stimuli

Question 12

study grpah of PNS

Answer 12

okay

Question 13

the parasympathetic division and sympathetic usually work against each other except in

Answer 13

the reproductive system

Question 14

what does the parasympathetic system usually control?

Answer 14

rest and relax

Question 15

what does the sympathetic system usually control?

Answer 15

fight or flight

Question 16

what are the 3 regions of the vertebrate brain?

Answer 16

forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain

Question 17

what is the forebrain in charge of?

Answer 17

learning+processing

Question 18

what is the midbrain in charge of?

Answer 18

coordination of activities

Question 19

what is the hindbrain in charge of?

Answer 19

involuntary movements

Question 20

what kinda weird about the left and right brain?

Answer 20

they process information that comes in from the other side

Question 21

what does the brain stem control?

Answer 21

visual reflex involuntary functions body movement

Question 22

what does the epithealamus control?

Answer 22

sleep cycles and melatonin

Question 23

what does the thalamus control?

Answer 23

biological clock, regulates pituitary galdn

Question 24

what does the cerebellum control?

Answer 24

balance and learning motor kill

Question 25

what is arousal?

Answer 25

state of awareness f ooutside environment

Question 26

what is sleep?

Answer 26

received stimuli but we dont do anything

Question 27

what is the reticular formation?

Answer 27

cluster of neurons partially filtering sensory input blocks old things and lets new things nter to learn

Question 28

whats up with sleeping dolphins?

Answer 28

one side of the brain stays awake to look out for predators. right brain is awake so left fin is out and right fin is down.

Question 29

what is the biological clock synchorized to?

Answer 29

light and dark cycles

Question 30

where do we generate and experience emotions?

Answer 30

amygdala, hippocampus, and parts of thalamus

Question 31

what part of the brain is most important for memory?

Answer 31

amygdala

Question 32

why are the amygdala, hippocampus, and parts of thalamus called the limbic system?

Answer 32

they border the brain stem

Question 33

emotions are stored as

Answer 33

memories

Question 34

what are sematosensory receptors?

Answer 34

provide information about touch pain pressure temp and position

Question 35

what is broca's area in the frontal love responsible for?

Answer 35

understand language but can't speak

Question 36

what is wernicke's area responsible for?

Answer 36

can speak but cant understand it

Question 37

what is the left hemisphere responsible for?

Answer 37

math and logic

Question 38

what is the right hemisphere responsible for?

Answer 38

spatial relations, nonverbal thinking

Question 39

what is lateralization?

Answer 39

the establishment of the differences in hemisphere function

Question 40

what role does the corpus callosum play in the trreatment of epilepsy?

Answer 40

hemispheres are connected through the corpus callosum and as a last resort it is severed for epilepsy. hemispheres function independently

Question 41

what happens when the frontal lobe is damaged?

Answer 41

bad decisions, emotions erratic

Question 42

what is a frontal lobotomy?

Answer 42

severs connection between the prefrontal cortex and limbic system

Question 43

what is neuronal plasticity?

Answer 43

the capacity for the nervous system to be remodeled, usually in response to its own activity, occurs at synapses

Question 44

what is autism?

Answer 44

development disorder in synapses remodeling

Question 45

why is autism on the rise?

Answer 45

we are able to diagnose it better due to awareness

Question 46

what is short-term memory?

Answer 46

hold information and release it if its irrelevant, temporary links in the hippocampus

Question 47

what is long term memory?

Answer 47

links are replaced with connections in the cerebral cortex

Question 48

what is schizophrenia?

Answer 48

distorted perception of reality

Question 49

what is major depressive disorder?

Answer 49

enjoyable activities are not longer interesting or provoking

Question 50

what is bipolar disorder?

Answer 50

extreme mood swings

Question 51

what is alzheimers disease?

Answer 51

mental deterioration, caused by plaques in the brain. symptoms include confusion, memory loss,.

Question 52

what is parkinsons disease?

Answer 52

motor disorder | death of neurons in the midbrain