Chapter 8 - Lesson 1

Question 1

What are some functions of dietary fats?

Answer 1

source of energy, metabolizing fat-soluble vitamins, providing heat insulation for the body; obtaining essential fatty acids

Question 2

How is fat different from the other macronutrients of the human diet?

Answer 2

fat is hydrophobic; contains 9kcals/gram (over twice as many calories per grams)

Question 3

What is hydrophobic?

Answer 3

water fearing - will not dissolve in, or react with, water

Question 4

Conditions involving the narrowing or blockage of blood vessels that can cause a heart attack, chest pain, or stroke is called __.

Answer 4

cardiovascular disease

Question 5

What are the different types of lipids?

Answer 5

simple (fatty acids); compound (phospholipids); derived (cholesterol)

Question 6

Compounds that are patter acids or their derivatives are called __

Answer 6

lipids

Question 7

Organic compounds with long hydrocarbon chains that are saturated or unsaturated are called __.

Answer 7

fatty acids

Question 8

Phospholipids are comprised of two fatty acids, a __ group and a __ molecule.

Answer 8

phosphate; glycerol

Question 9

What is cholesterol?

Answer 9

A lipid-like waxy substance found in all cell membranes, most body tissues, and body fluids

Question 10

What are the building blocks of fats?

Answer 10

fatty acids

Question 11

Fatty acids that have the maximum number of hydrogen molecules and contain only single bonds between their carbon atoms are called __.

Answer 11

saturated fatty acids

Question 12

Fatty acids that have one or more double bonds between the carbon atoms in the carbon chain are called __.

Answer 12

unsaturated fatty acids

Question 13

What are some examples of saturated fatty acids?

Answer 13

solids at room temperature; butter, often animal products; beef, chicken, full fat dairy, egg, chocolate, kernal oils

Question 14

What are some examples of unsaturated fatty acids?

Answer 14

liquid at room temperature, relatively unstable and prone to oxidative damage

Question 15

The process of forcing hydrogen into vegetable oil to create a semi-solid or solid saturated fat is known as __.

Answer 15

hydrogenation

Question 16

What is the imbalance of free radicals and antioxidants – free radicals are oxygen-containing molecules with an uneven number of electrons, which makes them susceptible to react with other molecules?

Answer 16

oxidative damage

Question 17

What are monounsaturated fatty acids?

Answer 17

Unsaturated fats that have one unsaturated carbon molecule (two hydrogen atoms instead of four) or one double bond.

Question 18

What are polyunsaturated fatty acids?

Answer 18

Unsaturated fats that have two or more double bonds between carbon molecules.

Question 19

What is trans fat?

Answer 19

An artificial fatty acid that occurs when hydrogen is added to liquid vegetable oils (unsaturated fat) to make them more solid (saturated fat) and have a more stable shelf life.

Question 20

A lipoprotein that carries cholesterol from the liver to cells, known as bad cholesterol, is called __.

Answer 20

low-density lipoproteins

Question 21

What are triglycerides?

Answer 21

The primary storage and transportable form of fats in the body, composed of three free fatty acids bound to a glycerol backbone.

Question 22

Lipoprotein that carries excess cholesterol away from the cells to the liver where it is turned into bile or excreted, known as the good cholesterol is called __.

Answer 22

high-density lipoproteins

Question 23

What is the Damage that occurs to the endothelium, the thin layer surrounding blood vessels.

Answer 23

endothelial dysfuntion

Question 24

What is GRAS?

Answer 24

generally recognized as safe

Question 25

What is the FDA its responsibility?

Answer 25

US Food and Drug Administration; protecting the public health by ensuring the safety, efficacy, and security of human and veterinary drugs, biological products, and medical devices, and by ensuring the safety of our nation’s food supply.

Question 26

What is the primary source of trans fat?

Answer 26

partially hydrogenated oils

Question 27

What are some examples trans fat?

Answer 27

margarine, shortening, fried foods, baked goods, nondairy coffee creamer

Question 28

What is the chemical structure of triglycerides?

Answer 28

glycerol backbone with three fatty acids

Question 29

What is adipose tissue?

Answer 29

the loose connective tissue composed of fat cells for stored energy

Question 30

What are phospholipids?

Answer 30

Comprised of two fatty acids, a phosphate group, and a glycerol molecule – the phosphate group head is water soluble and the fatty acid tail is water insoluble. They align themselves to form the cell membrane.

Question 31

A combination of fat and protein that transports cholesterol and other lipids to and from various tissues through the blood are called __.

Answer 31

lipoproteins

Question 32

What is hydrophilic?

Answer 32

Water loving – will dissolve in, and react with, water.