Chapter 7

Question 1

What disease associated with large intakes of fructose in inactive people has recently gained more attention as a health concern?

Answer 1

non-alcoholic liver disease

Question 2

What term is defined as the combined effect of both a carbohydrate’s glycemic index (GI) score and the amount of that carbohydrate consumed?

Answer 2

glycemic load

Question 3

In which part of the body does carbohydrate digestion begin?

Answer 3

in the mouth with salivary amylase

Question 4

What glycemic score ranks a carbohydrate food as a low GI food?

Answer 4

GI score under 55

Question 5

Which health benefit is attributed to soluble fiber?

Answer 5

Reduced risk for cardiovascular disease by binding to cholesterol particles

Question 6

How many sugar units are contained in oligosaccharides?

Answer 6

3-10 sugar units

Question 7

What is the current daily fiber intake recommendation for women in the U.S.?

Answer 7

28 grams of fiber daily

Question 8

What is the current daily fiber intake recommendation for men in the U.S.?

Answer 8

35 grams of fiber daily

Question 9

Which sweetener is not considered a mono- or disaccharide and is extracted from chicory root?

Answer 9

inulin

Question 10

Which complex carbohydrate chain contains straight-chain structures?

Answer 10

amylose

Question 11

What are the current estimated daily intakes of fiber for men and women in the U.S.?

Answer 11

18 grams for men; 15 grams for women

Question 12

Which two monosaccharides combine to make sucrose?

Answer 12

Glucose and fructose

Question 13

From the options provided, which carbohydrate food has the lowest glycemic index (GI) score? white bread; hummus; hard candy; orange juice

Answer 13

hummus

Question 14

Because of the catabolic nature of exercise, insulin release is largely suppressed during an exercise bout. How does glucose, consumed during a workout, then enter the cell?

Answer 14

The body relies upon non-insulin mediated glucose uptake.

Question 15

What is the second priority for ingested carbohydrates in the human body once immediate fuel needs have been met?

Answer 15

Replenish depleted glycogen stores in the liver and muscles.

Question 16

Which polysaccharide is digested fastest?

Answer 16

Amylopectin

Question 17

How much glycogen can the adult liver store?

Answer 17

50 grams per Kg

Question 18

What is the current RDA for carbohydrates for adults?

Answer 18

130 grams

Question 19

The United States consumes more sugar than any other country in the world. From the options provided, what food category represents the largest source of sugar intake in the U.S. diet?

Answer 19

beverages

Question 20

What is the recommended amount of added sugar suggested by the American Heart Association for American adult women?

Answer 20

A limit of 6 added teaspoons

Question 21

During exercise, stored molecules of carbohydrates are broken down to glucose to serve as a fuel. What term defines the breakdown of stored glycogen?

Answer 21

Glycogenolysis

Question 22

What is the first step of carbohydrate metabolism, an anaerobic pathway, that breaks glucose or glycogen down to pyruvate?

Answer 22

glycolysis

Question 23

What is the vein that transports blood from the spleen, stomach, pancreas, and the intestinal tract to the liver?

Answer 23

Hepatic portal vein

Question 24

What glycemic score ranks a carbohydrate food as a medium GI food?

Answer 24

GI score between 56 and 69

Question 25

What glycemic score ranks a carbohydrate food as a high GI food?

Answer 25

GI score over 69

Question 26

The acidic chyme leaving the stomach must be neutralized before any digestion can occur in the small intestine. What compound neutralizes this chyme?

Answer 26

Sodium bicarbonate

Question 27

Which statement reflects a factual truth regarding high fructose corn syrup (HFCS)?

Answer 27

HFCS is preferred over cane sugar by most food companies because it is cheaper to manufacture and has a longer shelf life.

Question 28

When would the body undergo the process of gluconeogenesis?

Answer 28

During periods of inadequate carbohydrate intake, the body can produce glucose from certain non-carbohydrate sources like amino acids

Question 29

Which two monosaccharides combine to make lactose?

Answer 29

Glucose and galactose

Question 30

Which of the following combine to make maltose?

Answer 30

Glucose and glucose

Question 31

Which sugar units are combined to form a glycogen molecule?

Answer 31

glucose

Question 32

According to the Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI), how many calories from added sugar are recommended for men on a daily basis?

Answer 32

150 calories

Question 33

What is the molecular structure for glucose?

Answer 33

C6H12O6