Chapter 8

Question 1

Anastomosis

Answer 1

Surgical connection between two hollow or tubular structures

Question 2

Anorexia nervosa

Answer 2

Eating disorder characterized by false perception of body appearance that leads to refusal to maintain normal body weight

Question 3

Antiemetic

Answer 3

Medication administered to prevent or relieve nausea and vomiting

Question 4

Aphthous ulcers

Answer 4

Gray white pits with a red border in the soft tissue lining of the mouth

Question 5

Ascites

Answer 5

Abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in peritoneal cavity

Question 6

Bariatrics

Answer 6

Branch of medication for prevention and control of obesity and associated diseases

Question 7

Borborygmus

Answer 7

Rumbling noise caused by movement of gas in the intestine

Question 8

Bulimia nervosa

Answer 8

Eating disorder characterized by frequent episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting

Question 9

Cachexia

Answer 9

Physical wasting away due to loss in weight and muscle mass that occurs in patients with diseases such as advanced cancer or AIDS

Question 10

Cheilosis

Answer 10

disorder of the lips characterized by crack like sores at corners of the mouth

Question 11

Cholangiography

Answer 11

Radiographic examination of bile ducts with use of a contrast medium

Question 12

Cholangitis

Answer 12

An acute inflammation of the bile duct characterized by pain in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen fever jaundice

Question 13

Cholecysectomy

Answer 13

Surgical removal of the gallbladder

Question 14

Cholecytitis

Answer 14

Inflammation of the gallbladder that is usually associated with gallstones

Question 15

Choledocholithotomy

Answer 15

Incision in the common bile duct for removal of gallstones

Question 16

Cholelithiasis

Answer 16

Presence of gallstones in gallbladder or bile ducts

Question 17

Cirrhosis

Answer 17

Chronic degenerative disease of liver characterized by scarring

Question 18

Colonoscopy

Answer 18

Direct visual examination of inner surface of colon from rectum to cecum

Question 19

Crohn’s disease

Answer 19

Chronic autoimmune disorder that can occur anywhere in digestive tract

Question 20

Diverticulitis

Answer 20

Inflammation of one or more diverticula in the wall of colon

Question 21

Diverticulosis

Answer 21

Chronic presence of an abnormal number of diverticula in the wall of the colon

Question 22

Dyspepsia

Answer 22

Pain or discomfort in digestion

Question 23

Dysphagia

Answer 23

Difficulty in swallowing

Question 24

Emesis

Answer 24

Reflex ejection of stomach contents outward through mouth

Question 25

Enteritis

Answer 25

Inflammation of small intestines caused by eating or drinking substances contaminated with viral or bacterial pathogens

Question 26

Eructation

Answer 26

The act of belching or raising gas orally from stomach

Question 27

Esophageal varices

Answer 27

Enlarged and swollen veins at lower end of esophagus

Question 28

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

Answer 28

Endoscopic examination of upper G.I. Tract

Question 29

Gastroduodenostomy

Answer 29

Establishment of an anastomosis between the upper portion of the stomach and duodenum

Question 30

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

Answer 30

Upward flow of acid from stomach into esophagus

Question 31

Gastrostomy tube

Answer 31

Surgically placed feeding tube from exterior of body directly into stomach

Question 32

Hematemesis

Answer 32

Vomiting of blood

Question 33

Hemoccult test

Answer 33

Laboratory test for hidden blood in stools

Question 34

Hepatitis

Answer 34

Inflammation of liver

Question 35

Herpes labialis

Answer 35

Blister like sores on lips caused by HSV-1

Question 36

Hiatal hernia

Answer 36

Protrusion of part of stomach through an opening in the diaphragm

Question 37

Hyperemesis

Answer 37

Extreme persistent vomiting that can cause dehydration

Question 38

Ileus

Answer 38

Partial/complete blockage of small and/or large intestine

Question 39

Inguinal hernia

Answer 39

Protrusion of small loop of bowel through weak place in the lower abdominal wall or groin

Question 40

Jaundice

Answer 40

Yellow discoloration of skin mucous membranes and eyes

Question 41

Melena

Answer 41

Passage of black, tarry, foul-smelling stools

Question 42

Morbid obesity

Answer 42

Condition of weighing two or more times the ideal weight or having a body mass index greater than 40

Question 43

Nasogastric intubation

Answer 43

Placement of a tube through the nose into stomach

Question 44

Proctopexy

Answer 44

Surgical fixation of a prolapsed rectum to an adjacent tissue or organ

Question 45

Obesity

Answer 45

Excessive accumulation of fat in the body

Question 46

Regurgitation

Answer 46

Return of solid food into the mouth

Question 47

Salmonellosis

Answer 47

Infectious disease transmitted by feces either through direct contact or by eating raw/undercooked food

Question 48

Sigmoidoscopy

Answer 48

Endoscopic examination of interior of rectum, sigmoid colon, and possibly portion of descending colon

Question 49

Trismus

Answer 49

Any restriction to the opening of the mouth, caused by trauma, surgery, or radiation associated with treatment of oral cancer

Question 50

Ulcerative colitis

Answer 50

Chronic condition of unknown cause in which repeated episodes of inflammation in the rectum and large intestine cause ulcers and irritation

Question 51

Volvulus

Answer 51

Twisting of the Intestine on itself, causing an obstruction

Question 52

Xerostomia

Answer 52

Lack of adequate saliva due to diminished secretions by salivary glands

Question 53

Aerophagia

Answer 53

Excessive swallowing of air while eating or drinking