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Pathology -- Gen Path > Chemical Mediators of Inflammation > Flashcards

Chemical Mediators of Inflammation Flashcards

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1
Q

Examples of pre-formed mediators

A

Histamine, Serotonin, and some lysosomal enzymes.

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2
Q

Important categories of plasma proteins in inflammation?

A

Coagulation proteins – Hageman factor, plasmin
Fibrinopeptides (Fibrin Degredation products)
Complement Proteins (C3a, C5a, C3b)
Kinins
Immunoglobulins

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3
Q

Activation of ________ plays a key role in activating most of the other plasma proteins

A

Hageman Factor

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4
Q

Newly synthesized products in inflammation are usually made by….

A

Endothelial Cells
Monocytes
Fibroblasts

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5
Q

Clotting/Fibrinolytic System. Pre-formed and Newly synthesized messenger?

A

Pre – Histamne

New – Prostaglandins

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6
Q

Complement System. Pre-formed and Newly synthesized messenger?

A

Pre – Serotonin

New – Leukotrienes

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7
Q

Kinin System. Pre-formed and Newly synthesized messenger?

A

Pre – Lysosomal Enzymes

New – PAF, Cytokines

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8
Q

Where dos fast release histamine come from

A

lysis of mast cells, basophils

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9
Q

where does serotonin, thromboxane come from

A

Activation of platelets

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10
Q

How does rapid release Il-1 happen?

A

Activation of local sentry macrophages

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11
Q

WHy would a mast cell release its histamine?

A 
Trauma/Cold
Immunologic Rxn (IgE)
C3a, C5a
Histamine-releasing factors from neutrophils, monocytes, and platelets
Il-1, activation of Toll receptors
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12
Q

Over 90% of serotonin is found…

A

in enterochromaffin cells in the GI tract

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13
Q

What does Histamine/Serotonin do anyway? Unique activities of them individually?

A 
Vasodilation, increased permeability
Stim. of pain/itching
Contraction of smooth muscle
His -- Axonal reflex of flare response
Sero -- Aggregation of platelets
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14
Q

Preformed plasma protein pathways all turned on by activated Hageman Factor?

A

Fibrin Degradation Products
Anaphylaxis (via complement)
Kinin generation
Clot Formation

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15
Q

Important roles of Plasmin

A
  1. Cleaves fibrin into fibrin degradation products
  2. Cleaves complement components C5 and C3
  3. Activates Hageman, kininogens, and itself (amplifys the response)
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16
Q

The Kallikrein/Kinin system is important for…

A

Vascular permeability, contraction of SM, dilation of BV

PAIN

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17
Q

Important details on C5a

A

Chemotactic for PMNs
Neutrophil degranulation
Superoxide production

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18
Q

Early inflammation release of arachadonic acid leads to formation of…

A

Prostaglandins and Leukotrienes

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19
Q

Arachadonic Acid exposed to Cyclooxygenase (COX) will form…

A

Prostaglandins, Prostacyclins, or Thromboxane

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20
Q

Arachadonic Acid exposed to lipoxygenase will form…

A

Leukotrienes

SRS-A

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21
Q

Arachadonic Acid derivative formed in platelets

A

TXA2

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22
Q

Arachadonic Acid derivative formed in endothelial cells

A

PGI2, LTB4

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23
Q

Arachadonic Acid derivative formed in Mast Cells

A

SRS-A’s/LTC/LTE

PAF

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24
Q

Arachadonic Acid derivative formed in neutrophils

25
Arachadonic Acid derivative formed in Macrophages
PGs
26
Effects of PGD2 and PGE2
Produce vasodilation, increased vascuar permeability-, bronchoconstriction, hyperalgesia
27
Effects of PGF2a
Vasodilation, Bronchoconstriction
28
Effects of Prostacyclin (PGI2)
Vasodilation, Increased vascular permeability, inhibited PMNs, Inhibits platelet aggregation
29
Effects of Thromboxane A2
Vasoconstriction, Bronchoconstriction, Platelet Aggregation | Antagonizes Prostacyclin
30
What are the Slow Reacting Substances of Anaphylaxis (list the members)
LTC4, LTD4, LTE4
31
What are the Slow Reacting Substances of Anaphylaxis (conceptually)
Mediators of responses to severe allergy: constriction of smooth muscle (vaso+broncho) and increased vascular permeability (vascular shock)
32
Effects of LTB4
Primarily from PMNs, mediated their responses | Chemotaxis + Aggregation/Degranulation
33
Effects of Platelet Activating Factor
Induces platelet aggregation and degranulation Enhances the release of histamine and serotonin Increased vascular permeability Increases leukocyte adhesion, chemotaxis
34
Effects of Lipoxins
Anti-inflammatory, Blockage of SRS-A receptor, promotes phagocytosis and cellular killing
35
Early mediators of platelet aggregation...
PAF, Thromboxane A2 from mast cells + platelets
36
Early mediators of vascular permeability...
SRS-As from mast cells, platelets
37
Middle mediators of Chemotaxis...
LT B4, SRS-A, PAF from Mast Cells and PMNs
38
Middle mediators of vascular permeability
SRS-A, LTB4 from PMNs
39
Late mediators of vasodilation, vascular permeability...
SRS-A from PMNs, PGs from Macrophages
40
What are interleukins?
Cytokines that communicate between different types of leukocytes, particularly mono and lymphs
41
What is IL-2
T cell growth factor | Receptor induced by Il-1 from macrophages, Il2 production
42
Which interleukins have systemic effects?
IL1, TNFa, IL6
43
Primarily PMN chemokine?
IL8
44
Role of IFNg in inflammation?
from T and NK, induces expression of MHC I and II, activates phagocytes, inhibits TH2, enhances leukocyte-endothelial adherence.
45
M-CSF is made by ____. Its role is....
Macrophages | promote monocyte precursor growth
46
G-CSF is made by ____. Its role is...
Mphages. Promote granulocyte prolif.
47
GM-CSF is made by ______. Its role is...
T cells, Mphages, Fibroblasts, endothelial cells | Promotes granulocyte precursors
48
TGFbeta is a potent stimulator of....
Fibrinogenesis and Scar Tissue
49
IL1, TNF, IL6. Where do they come from? What do they do?
From -- Mphages + inflam cells | Do -- Fever, Acute Phase Proteins, Septic Shock
50
Il2, Il12. Where do they come from? What do they do?
From - Lymphocytes | Do -- Promote lymphocyte proliferation
51
IFNg. Where do they come from? What do they do?
From -- Lymphocytes Do -- MHC/Adhesion Molecule Expression Activation of mp in granuloma formation
52
IL8. Where do they come from? What do they do?
From -- Activated inflamm. cells | Do -- Neutrophil adhesion and migration
53
MCP-1. Where do they come from? What do they do?
From -- Activated Inflamm. cells | Do -- Monocyte migration
54
RANTES, MCP-3. Where do they come from? What do they do?
From -- Inflamm. Cells | Do -- Macrophages + Mast Cells for eosinophil migration
55
GM-CSF. Where do they come from? What do they do?
From -- Inflam. cell prolif and differentiation | Do -- Expression of adhesion molecules, Cytokines
56
Still even a little shakey on all of this?
Look at the summary on the last page
57
IL receptors assocaited w/ Jak/Stat
2, 4, 7, 9, 15
58
Type of mediator seen in minutes? minutes->hours? hours->days? Days->weeks?
Minutes -- Preformed Minutes/Hours -- Plasma-Derived Hours/Days -- AA Metabolites Days/Weeks -- Cytokines, ILs, Chemokines, GFs
59
Difference between Aspirin and NSAIDS
Aspirin -- Irreversible Cox inhibition

Pathology -- Gen Path (17 decks)

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