alpha helical coiled protein homology with myosin and tropomyosin (epitope same as host) extends from cell wall and prevents phagctsis classical complement pathway dsnt get activated

cvs 14 Flashcards by Hassan Khokhar

partial agonist nictone R

verinicline

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patial agonist on opiod rec

buprenorphine

buterphenol

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bblockers with intrinsic sympathomymetic activity

Pindolol

acebutolol

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Hematuria after DAYS vs WEEKS of infection

days — IgA nephropathy

weeks— RPGN

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erysipelas vs cellulitis

erysipelas —- superficial surface epithelial layers

cellulitis — deeper, painful warm swollen skin inf

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unilateral honey crusted lesions

impetigo —- GABS s pyogenes

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triggers for cellulitis

disruption of the skin barrier

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cellulitis in s. pyogenes

NON purulent

NO fluctuating nodules

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cellulitis in staph aureus

purulent cellulitis
fluctuating nodules
erythema

can lead to abcess

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virulence factor of staph aureus in cellulitis

Panton Valentine Leukocidin

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virulence factor for GABS strept pyogene that inhibits phagocytosis

M protein

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IgA protease

Strept pneumo
Hemoph
Influenza
Nisseria

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protein A

staph A

binds Fc of IgG

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M protein

alpha helical coiled protein
homology with myosin and tropomyosin (epitope same as host)
extends from cell wall and prevents phagctsis
classical complement pathway dsnt get activated

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valves involved in RF rhematic carditis

M A T

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antobodies are made against protien M — molecular mimicry — also against…? more specific name

N acetyl-beta D glucosamine

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name different types of pericarditis

Fibrinous
Serous
Suppurative
Hemorrhagic
Caseous

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causes of Fibrinous pericarditis

rheumatic fever
SLE
Radiation
post MI

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post MI pericarditis can be of two forms which are?

1-3 days —neutrophils infiltration — fibrinous

>1 month —- dressler — autoimmune

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causes of Serous pericarditis

effusion
RFever/SLE
uremia
Viral —– coxsackie – pericarditis myocarditis and endocarditis

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causes of suppurative pericarditis

BACTERIAL inf

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causes of hemorrhagic pericarditis

TB
blood
malignancy —– MELANOMA

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causes of caseous pericarditis

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JVP modification in cardiac tamponade

loss of Y wave

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becks triad

hypotension muffled heart sounds pulsus pardoxus

what can be some causes of pulsus paradoxus

``` CAPTO Croup Asthma Pericarditis Tamponade Obs sleep apnea ```

how can asthma lead to pulsus paradoxus

obstructive lung dsease----- cor pulmonale

causes of sudden cardiac death

V arrythmia Brugada --- AD , pseudo RBB v1-v3, asian mexican Long long QT synd

RomanoWard syndrome

AD | mutation in Ik channels

Jervell and Lnge Nielson synd

AR | senosrineural hearing loss

Bcateria that can cause myocarditis

Borrelia burdorferi / mycoplasma pneumonia

viruses that can cause myocarditis

coxsackie/ adenovirus/ hhv6/ hiv/ parvo b19

adenovirus mnemonic

``` Acute hem cystitis/ acute viral myocarditis Ds Dna/ Diarrhea Eye ( pink eye conjunctivitis) Non enveloped DNA / NEMONIA O V I R URTI S ```

parasitic cause of myocarditis

T. cruzi | Toxoplasma gondii

histology of viral myocarditis

myofibrillary necrosis and inflammatory cells LYMPHOCYTES MACROPHAGES

what growth media is used for mycoplasma

EATON agar | cholestrol ... fried egg app

M pneumonia has an additional finding of ?

diarrhea

organisms with not a rigid cell wall

``` Chlamydia Ricketsia ricketsie Ehrlichia Anaplasma Mycoplasma/ureaplasme ```

treatmetn for atypicals

Macrolides --- block translocation | tetracyclines ---- inhibit aminoacyl t rna sythesis at A site

what antigen is present on mycoplasma> | where else can u find this antigen

I antigen an oligosaccharide | on RBCS

mechanism of AIHA in mycoplasma

IgM antibodies are made against the I antigen whch is also presnt on RBCs this causes RBC damage normocytic anemia with reticulocyte count>3

specific mannifestations of chagas

T cruzi vector ---- reduvid bug , kissing bug coz painless Romana sign --- periorbital edema dialated CM mega esoph --- achalasia--- myenteric auerbach plexs mega colon

which bug has a painful insect bite

TSE TSE fly | T. BRUCEI

what can be seen on microscopy of t cruzi

mastigoites | tropomastigoites

treatment for t cruzi

benznidazol | nifurtimox

toxoplasma gondi is heterophile ..?

-VE

toxoplasmosis mannifestations

MRI --- multiple ring enhancing lesions mononucleosis like symptms cat feces contain toxoplasmosis

congenital toxoplasmosis

``` obligate intracellular protozoa TRIAD- choriretinitis hydrocephalus intracranial calcifications ----- can lead to seizures ```

new born baby has triad of catarct, deafness and machine like murmur mother has - multiple joint pain

RUBELLA

seizures chorioretinitis and periventricular calcifications

CMV

treatment of toxoplasmosis

Pyrimethamine ( DHFR -) | Sulfadiazine ( dihydropteroate synthase -)

connection from lateral ventricles to third V

foramen MONRO

3rd to fourth V

cerebral acqueduct

other causes of Myocarditis

RF SLE KAWASAKI

drugs taht can cause RF

Doxo / Dano cocaine trastuzumab

what is special about transtuzumab

reversible damage to heart

normal function of HER 2 neu

reduces oxidative stress

Libman sac endocarditis

in SLE Both sides of the valve SLE ----> LSE -----> shrinking lung syndrome fibrosis of the pleura tooo

other findings in RF excet JONES

subcutaneous nodules erythema marginatum --- margins form a ring syndenham chorea--- choreiform movements

specific txt for syndenham chorea

haloperidol | antipsychotic

prevention of RF can be done by

penicillin

histo of RF can show

aschoff bodies ---- granulomatous GIANT cells with wavy ribbon/ rod shaped nuclei ---- anitshkow cells also a +ve ASO titre

chronic rheumatic fever can lead to

endocarditis

GABS can cause PSGN too | can this be prevented by penicllin

type III hypersensitivity reaction

``` SHARP SLE / serum sickness HSP / HSPN Arthus reaction RPGN PSGN/PAN ```

two conditions that are SEVERE in adults but not so severe in children

RPGN | ITP

what is the immunofluorescence apperance in RPGN

lump bumpy starry sky deposition of IgG IgM and C3b ALLONG the basement membrane consumes C3 and cola colour urine

subepithelial deposits

PSGN and membranous

subendOthelial

DPGN MPGN

BERGER disease

IgA nephropathy linked to HSP DAYS after infection **** MESANGIAL immune complex depositon plus prliferation

how is the platelet count in HSP

NORMAL

SLE can present as nephritic and nephrotic syndreom

nephritic ----- DPGN | nephrotic ----- membranous

DPGN plus SLE

subendothelial depostis WIRE LOOP LESIONS

splitting of basement mebrane seen in

alport | MPGN

MPGN has how many types

TWO I----- hepatitis bc II ---- c3 nephritic factor C3 nephritic factor normally stabilizes the C3 convertase so it keeps the complement cascade inactive ---- C3 nephritic factor problem leads to acitvation of cascade and CONSUMPTION OF C3

tram track calcification seen in

STURGE WEBER synd

tram track appearance in

MPGN

MEMBRANOUS NEPHROPATHY causes

``` most cmomon SLE HEP B SYPHILIS PLP a2 receptor ANTOBODY penicillamine NSAIDS gold salts ``` POOR steroid response

what kind of deposits are seen in membranous

SUBEPITHELIAL spike and DOME THICKENING of basement membrane