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dr taher classes HK > cvs 24 > Flashcards

cvs 24 Flashcards

1
Q

phenylalanine is used to make

A

tyrosine

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2
Q

what is tyrosine imp for

A

thyroid hormone (organification)
melanin (tyrosinase)
homogentisic acid —- fumarate — TCA
NOR EPI and EPI

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3
Q

steps of thyroid synthesis

A

oxidation
organification ( MIT DIT)
coupling

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4
Q

totla t4 formula

A

bound T4 + Free T4

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5
Q

what happens in pregnancy OCP or increase estrogenism

A

increase production of Thyeoid binding globulin
so bound t4 increases

FREE T4 ALWAYS REMAINS SAME
= total t4 INCREASES

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6
Q

what happens in SLE athletes steroids

A

leads to gluconeogenesis
TBG DECREASES
so bound t4 also DECREASES

overall total t4 = DECREASES

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7
Q

what could be the causes of phenylketonuria

A

phenylalanine hydroxylase def
BH4 def
dehydropterin reductase def (DHBR)

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8
Q

increased levels of phenylalinine make

A

acetate
pyruvate
lactate
NEUROTOXIC to brain

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9
Q

mannifestation of phenylketoniuria

A 
mental retard
musty body odor 
seizures 
hypopigmentation skin hair eyes
eczema
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10
Q

how is melanin made

A

tyrosine — dopa (tyrosine hydroxylase uses BH4)

dopa —- melanin (tyrosinase)

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11
Q

what is malignant PKU

A

def of BH4

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12
Q

what is BH$ used for

A

making tyrosine
tryptophan ——- serotonin
arginine —— NO

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13
Q

essential amino acids

A 
MATT VIL PHLy
Methionine
A
Tryptophan
Threonin
Valine
Isoleucine
Leucine
Phenylalanin
Histidine
Lysine
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14
Q

basic amino acids

A

Histidine
Arginine
Lysine

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15
Q

glucogenic amino acid

A

Met His sweet Valentine
Methionin
Histidine
Valine

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16
Q

what is cystinuria

A 
defect in PCT 
cant reabsp COLA
Cystine
Ornithine
Lysine 
Arginine

hexagonal kidney stones

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17
Q

what happens in alcoholics

A

decrease Tender Loving Care For N TLCFN
Thiamine pyrophosphate ( only TPP for transketolase)
Lipoic acid
Coezyme A
FADH2/ NADH

18
Q

def of propionyl coA carboxylase

A

proprionic acidemia

poor feeding, vomit, hypotonia, high anion gap

19
Q

prop coA carboxylase works on

A

propionyl coA ——–> methylmalonyl coA ——> succinyl coA

20
Q

cofactors needed by propionyl coA carboxylase

A

ABC
ATP
BIOTIN
CO2

21
Q

treatment of proprionic acidema

A 
low protein diet 
VOMIT
Valine
Odd chain fatty 
Methionin
Isoleucine
Threonin
22
Q

methyl malonyl coA mutase requires co factor

A

B12

23
Q

RLE enzyme for FA synthesis

A

acetyl coA carboxylase

24
Q

RLE for gluconeogenesis

A

Fructose 1 6 bisphosphatase

25
Q

citrate affects other pathways like

A

inhibits the RLE of glycolysis —– PFK 1
induces F1,6 bisphosphate —- gluconeogensis
induces acetyl coA carboxylase —— FA Synthesis

26
Q

Affect of AMP on gluconeogensisn

A

inhibits the RLE becuase it REQUIRES ATP

F1,6 BP

27
Q

treatment of MCAD

A

NO fasting
small chain fatty acids can be given
IV glucose

28
Q

myopathic CAT

A

CAT 2
FA carnitine ——> Fatty acyl coA

biopsy shows increase in muscle triglycerides

29
Q

homocystenemia most common cause

A 
def of cystathione synthase 
needs B6 B9 B12
30
Q

macrocytic non megaloblastic anemia

A 
LAD
Liver
Alcohol
Drugs 
Diamond blackfan anemia
31
Q

Cestode tapeworm

A

Diphyllobothrium latum
consmp of larva in raw fish

FISH TAPE WORM

32
Q

txt of fish tape worm

A

praziCAntel

causes calcium influx

33
Q

pork tape worm

A

tinea solium eggs vs larva

34
Q

tinea solium eggs

A

contaminated food iwth human feces

cysticercosis
neurocysticercosis
SEIZURES

txt albendazole

35
Q

t solium larva

A

undercooked pork
intestinal tineasis

txt praziquantal

36
Q

echonococcus granulosus

A

ingestion of eggs contaminated with dog feces

INTERMEDITTE HOST sheeeep

37
Q

echinococcus mannifest

A

hydatid cyst
egg shell caclifications

BIOPSY CONTRAINDICATED — anaphylaxis

38
Q

causes of b12 def

A

dietary

malabsp —- pernicious , bacterial overgrowth or pancreatic isnuff

39
Q

schilling test part 1

A

oral radiolabelled B12 + intramuscular B12
increased levels of b12 ——- dietary def
low b12 levels ——- absp problem

40
Q

shcilling pt 2

A

radiolabelled b12 + intrinsic factor
b12 increases ——- pernicious anemia (means IF was missing)

b12 low —– means no dietary def and no pernicioujs

41
Q

schilling pt 3

A

radilabelled b12 + antibiotics
increased b12 —– bacterial overgrowth
low b12 — pancreatic insufff

42
Q

mechanism of metformin

A

glyc 3 p dehydrogenase —— inhibits gluconeogenesis

dr taher classes HK (24 decks)

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