CVS 9

Question 1

examples of polyenes

Answer 1

ampho b nystatin

Question 2

MOA of polyenes

Answer 2

pores

binds to ergosterol in cell membrane

Question 3

polyenes acquire resistance by

Answer 3

decreasing the amount of ergosterol

leakage of K+ ions

Question 4

synergistic action

Answer 4

1+1 = 3
NTG + sildenafil
pen+ aminoglycosides
amphob + flucytosine

Question 5

permissive action of drugs

Answer 5

steroids + Epi

Question 6

intrathecal amphob is given for

Answer 6

cryptococcal meningitis

Question 7

which drugs MUST BE administered via slow infusion

Answer 7

ampho b
vancomycin
(increase histamine if given faster)

Question 8

tryptophan is used to make ?

Answer 8

niacin

5HT serotonin

Question 9

niacin synthesis requires which other factors

Answer 9

B2 B6

Question 10

how does niacin affect lipid metabolism?

which other drug does this ?

Answer 10

decrease VLDL synthesis and increase HDL

fibrates

Question 11

malignant PKU is caused by ?

Answer 11

phenylalanine hydroxylase def
tyrosine hydroxylase def
tryptophan hydroxylase def

all these require THB and DHBR for synthesis

Question 12

SE of niacin

Answer 12

flushing due to prostaglandin release
hyperglycemia
hyperuricemia

Question 13

def of B3 niacin

Answer 13

diarrhea
dementia
dermatitis (hallucinations)
death

Question 14

other condition that has hallucinations + dementia

Answer 14

lewy body dementia

Question 15

what happens in HARTNUPS disease

Answer 15

AR
transporters in PCT and intestines are effected
loss of neutral Amino Acids —– tryptophan

Question 16

can ampho B cross BBB easily?

Answer 16

NO

Question 17

what kind of supplementation is necessary with ampho B administration ?

Answer 17

K+ and Mg+

due to altered renal tubule permeability

Question 18

causes of RTA type 1

Answer 18

ampho b
NSAIDS
SLE sjogern
obstructive uropathy

Question 19

RTA type 1
defect?
symptom?

Answer 19

defected H+ pump at the lumen membrane
so H+ cannot be secreted
metabolic ACIDOS and hyPOkalemia

normally HYPERKALEMIA is assoc with M.ACIDOSIS

Question 20

SE of ampho b

Answer 20

histamine/fever/chills/muscle rigor ---- shake n bake
increase QT
nephrotoxic --(HYDRATE)
IV phlebitis **
dec EPO ---> anemia

Question 21

why is nystatin not recommended orally

Answer 21

increases systemic toxicity

Question 22

swish and swallow nystatin used for?

Answer 22

oral thrush
CD4 <500 in HIV
asthma (budesonide fluticasone)

Question 23

treatment for diaper rash and vulvovaginitis

Answer 23

nystatin

Question 24

azoles MOA

Answer 24

14 alpha demethyase (lan—> ergo)

desmolase (chols—-> pregnolone)

Question 25

drugs that can cause gynecomastia

Answer 25

``` DISCKOR Digitalis Isoniazid Spirinolactone Cimetidine Ketoconazole Oestrogen Risperidone ```

Question 26

which azole can cross BBB

Answer 26

fluuuuconazole

Question 27

flucanozole used to treat ?

Answer 27

esophageal candidiasis (<100)

Question 28

itraconazole variconazole can treat

Answer 28

SAB Sporotrichosis Aspergillus Blastomyces

Question 29

itraconazole absp increases with?

Answer 29

EATING food

Question 30

ketoconazole is killed by

Answer 30

antacids **

Question 31

Topical dermatophyte inf treated by

Answer 31

clotrimazole and miconazole

Question 32

isavuconazole is used for

Answer 32

serious aspergillus inf and mucor

Question 33

flucytosine MOA

Answer 33

inhibits DNA RNA synthesis by conversion to 5FU conv to 5FU requires cytosine deaminase 5Fu inhibits thymidylate synthase

Question 34

cytosine deamination makes

Answer 34

uracil

Question 35

uracil methylation makes

Answer 35

thymine

Question 36

IMP AMP stick together and make

Answer 36

hypoxanthine

Question 37

GMP guanosine makes

Answer 37

xanthine

Question 38

histones are +ve or _ve

Answer 38

+ve

Question 39

euchromatin location

Answer 39

central | active

Question 40

heterochromatin

Answer 40

periphery | inactive

Question 41

DNA methylation can be seen in

Answer 41

imprinting cancer (only tumor suppressor gene like p53) aging

Question 42

how is gene silencing done?

Answer 42

addition of methyl group to adenin or cytosin by SAM (methyl donor) methylation of cytosine/guanine repeats CPG on promotor ----- leads to gene silencing

Question 43

gene silencing is seen in which condition

Answer 43

Fragile X CGG repeats | FMR 1 gene

Question 44

histones are synthesized in which phase

Answer 44

S phase

Question 45

what type of histone Is present in mitochondria

Answer 45

NO histone

Question 46

linker DNA (packing of nucleosome)

Answer 46

H1

Question 47

mechanism of allopurinol, febuxostat

Answer 47

xanthine oxidase inhibitor

Question 48

adenonisne deaminase def seen in

Answer 48

SCID

Question 49

MOA cladrinine pentostatin

Answer 49

inhibit adenosine deaminase

Question 50

HGPRT def

Answer 50

``` XLR Hyperuricemia Gout Pissed offf Retardation T dystonia spastic cerebral palsy early daeth ```

Question 51

sodium urate crystals in diaper | orange sand in diaper

Answer 51

HGPRT def | increase of PRPP

Question 52

aspirin effects in LOW dose and HIGH dose

Answer 52

``` LOW = increase uric acid in body HIGH= uricosuric ```

Question 53

rasburicase and pegloticase

Answer 53

break uric acid

Question 54

transketolase requies

Answer 54

B1 thiamine

Question 55

ribavirin mechanism of action

Answer 55

``` CHAIR Capping of mrna at 5' end - guanyl and methyltransf Hypermutating HCV Antagonises TH2/ increases TH1 (CMI) Imp dehydrogenase inhib RNA polymerase inhibitor ```

Question 56

purine synthesis needs

Answer 56

glutamine aspartate glycine

Question 57

pyramidine syhnthesis needs

Answer 57

glutamine + CO2 aspartate uses CPS II

Question 58

leflunomide MOA indication

Answer 58

dehydroorate dehydrogenase (carbomylphosphate to oorotic acid) txt in Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 59

hydroxyurea MOA

Answer 59

inhibits ribonucleotide reductase targets S phase txt for sickle cell anemia myeloprolif disorders