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dr taher classes HK > cvs 15 > Flashcards

cvs 15 Flashcards

1
Q

FSGN is most common in

A

africans

hispanics

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2
Q

what type of sclerosis is seen in FSGN

and what cn be seen on microscopy

A

segmental

effacement of foot processes

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3
Q

causes of FSGN

A

HIV
interferron
Sickle cell
condyloma accuminatum

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4
Q

most common organ affected in amyloidosis

A

AL AA —–> kidney

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5
Q

stain for amyloidosis

A

congo red

green birefringence under polarized light

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6
Q

diabetes most common primary organ affect

A

EYE — microaneurysm

then kidney

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7
Q

two mechanisms of damage in diabetes

A

non enzymatic glycosylation —- diabater glomerulopathy

osmotic damage

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8
Q

thickening of blood vessels primaryl effcets which vessel

A

efferent
inc GFR
inc FF
inc PR

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9
Q

what type of sclerosis seen in diabetes

A

eosinophilic nodular glomerulosclerosis

kimmelsteil wilson nodules

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10
Q

mixed cryoglobulinemia most commonly assoc with

A

hep C

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11
Q

mannifestation of cryoglobulinemia

A

joint —- arthralgia
skin — purpura

IC depostion of IgG and igA

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12
Q

osler weber rendu

A

AD
dialation of vessles / mucosa —- RESP GI SKIN

recurrent epistaxis / melena/ hematuria

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13
Q

primary biliary choalngitis

A

chronic autoimmune disease characterized by infiltration of lymphocytes

intraheptatic bile ducts …. medium and small sized are destroyed

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14
Q

which disease has same mannifestations as Graft vs HOST

A

PBC

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15
Q

pbc most common in ?

antibody?

A 
middle aged females
antimitochondiral antobody (igM)
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16
Q

antimicrosomal igG antobody seen in

A

hashimoto throiditis

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17
Q

treatment of ursodiol

A

dissolving gall stones
because in PBC there is stasis of bile (cholestasis)
solubilization of cholestrol

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18
Q

primary sclerosing cholangitis

A

assoc with UC
p ANCA
igM and in MALES

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19
Q

beaded appearance string of peal seen in

A

PSC

intrahepatic bileducts undergo fibrosis and strictures

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20
Q

PSC can progress to

A

secondary biliary cholangitis

cholangiocarcinoma of bile ducts

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21
Q

porcelain gall bladder seen in

A

adenocarcinoma of g bladder due to chronic cholecystitis

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22
Q

granulomatous thyroiditis

A

de quervain —-PAINFUL

viral infection

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23
Q

pathological fractures in teenagers

what is the most common cause

A

OSTEOSARCOMA

malignant condition

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24
Q

benign eosinophilic granulomas + pathological fractures in teenagers

A

langheran cell histiocytosis

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25
Q

RESTRICTIVE LUNG DISEASE

A 
WHIP GLANDS
Wegners granulomatosis
Hypersensitivty pneumonitis
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Pneumoconiosis
Good pasture
Langheran cell histiocytosis
ARDS
NRDS
Drugs (5fu)
Sarcoidosis
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26
Q

origin of langheran cells

A

mesodermal

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27
Q

CD1a and s100 +

A

langheran cells

special dendritic cells of skin

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28
Q

langheran histiocytosis mannifestations

A

lytic bone lesions — increased calcium
skin rash
recurrent otitis media

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29
Q

Dystrophic calcification occurs in

A

abnormal diseased tissue

tends to be localized

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30
Q

assoc condition of dystrophic calcification

A 
fat necrosis 
liquefactive necrosis
aortic stenosis 
TB (lung pericardium)
rubella
CMV
toxoplasmosis 
PSAMMOMA
31
Q

PSAMMOMA bodies seen in

A 
Papillary carcinoma thyroid / ovaries 
Somatostatinoma
A
Meningioma
Mesothelioma
Ovarian serous cystadeno carcinoma
Milk (prolactinoma)
A
32
Q

Metastatic calcification

A

in normal tissues
widespread (diffused)
INCREASED calcium levels

33
Q

conditions assoc with metastatic calcification

A

hyperparathyroidism
increased vitamin D ( inc absp of ca and po4-)
sarcoidosis
milk alkali synd
calciphylaxis — calcium accumulates in small vessels of skin or fat — clot/ulcers
multiple myeloma — bone break down disease
adult t cell lymphoma —- HTLV1

34
Q

which group is HTLV1 from

A

retrovirus

RNA

35
Q

how does sarcoidosis increase calcium

A

non caseating granuloma makes 1 alpha hydroxylase
this convers 25 HCC from liver into 125 DHCC (kidney)

active form of vit D

36
Q

what happens to calcium levels in alkalosis

A

negative cahrge increases ( as the H+ ions decrease)

calcium binds to the negative COO- ….. HYPOCALCEMIA —- tetany

37
Q

peripancreatic fat

A

saponification

38
Q

NOTCH 1 gene

A

familial biscuspid AV

39
Q

most common cause of subacute endo

A

str viridians

mutans and sanguins

adhere to fibrin and platelet aggregates prev damaged valves with DEXTRANS — insoluble polysaccharides (sucros)

40
Q

subacute endo can be assoc with

A

MVP
vegetations deposited
insidious (gradual onset)

41
Q

biofilm is produced by

A

strept viridians
strept epidermidis —- prosthetic valve , catheter
pseudomonas

42
Q

biofilm helps as a barrier to

A

antibiotic penetration (opsonization)

Tcell activation is also prevented by biofilms

43
Q

pseudomonas can be assoc with

A

ventilator supp/ resp epithelium —- cystic fibrosis

contact lens —– keratitis

44
Q

strept viridians optochin

A

reistant

45
Q

staph epidermis

A

NO senstive
urease +
normal flora skin

46
Q

staph epidermis can effect

A 
prosthetic valves
hi join (biofilm)
47
Q

acute bacterial endocarditis caused by

A

staph aureus

NORMAL valves

48
Q

normal flora nasal cavity / axilla / ears

A

staph aureus

49
Q

normal flora skin

A

s epidermis

50
Q

normal floa oropharynx

A

viridians

51
Q

normal flora vagina

A

lactobacillus / e.coli

52
Q

normal flora of colon

A

b. fragilis

53
Q 
painful skin 
fever
rash
increased AST ALT
shock
A

TSST -1

54
Q

acute suppurative parotitis is most commonly seen in

A 
elderly 
post operative 
intubated 
use of anticholinergic drugs --> decrease secretions
obstruction ---> silolithiasis
55
Q

test for acute supp parotitis

A

imaging
serum AMYLASE
normal pancreatic lipase

56
Q

exfoliative toxin from staph

A

blistering lesion
(desmoglein)
(protease)

57
Q

enterotoxin from staph

A

food poisoning (2-6 hrs)
preformed toxin
non blood diarrhea

58
Q

mcc of skin soft tissue abcess normal vs nocosomial

A

staph a

pseudomonas

59
Q

Mec A gene

A

low affinity for B lactams

60
Q

txt for MRSA

A 
vancomycin 
TMP SMX
clindamycin
doxycycline 
linezolid
ceftaroline (5th gen)
daptomycin
61
Q

use of daptomycin in MRSA resp infections

A

NO

surfactant inhibits daptomycin

62
Q

aortic endocarditis can lead to which types of fistula

A

intra cardiac

aorto cavitary

63
Q

culture negative endocarditis on native valves

A 
Hemophilus
Actinobacillus 
Cardiobacterium/ coxella
Eikenella
Kingella
64
Q

iv drug abusers endocarditis

A

pseudomonas

staph aureus

65
Q

causes of osteomyelitis in DIABETICS vs SICKLE CELL

A

diabetics —— pseudomonas

sickle cell —– salmonella

66
Q

adenocarcinoma right side vs left side

A

right side bleeds

left obstructs

67
Q

causes of non bacterial endocarditis

A

hypercoagulable state (virchows) — P.embolism
malignancy ( mucin activates coagulation)
SLE —- vegetations on both sides of valve

68
Q

FROMJANE

A 
Fever
Roth spots
Osler nodes (painful, immune complex)
Murmur (M R )
Janeway lesions (painless) erythematous
Anemia of chronic disease (micorcytic)
Nail bed hemorrhage
Embolization
69
Q

causes of mitral valve prolapse

A 
marfan / ehler danlos
COXSACKIE B ---- rupture of c tendenai
post MI ---- mitral valve
rheumatic fever
ADPKD
70
Q

VSD murmur

A

holosystolic TRICUSPID area

71
Q

large vsd vs small vsd

A

large — low intensity

small — high intensity

72
Q

VSD can be assoc with

A 
Down synd
fetal alcohol synd
cri du chat 
babies of DIABETIC MOTHERS
Edward (18) 
patau (13)
73
Q

most common congenital defect in babies of diabetic mothers

A

TGA

due to failure of aorticopulomary septum to spiral

74
Q

Tricuspid regurgitation causes

A

endocarditis IV drug abusers (staph a )
rheumatic fever
carcinoid (TI PS )

dr taher classes HK (24 decks)

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