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cvs 15 Flashcards

1
Q

FSGN is most common in

A

africans

hispanics

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2
Q

what type of sclerosis is seen in FSGN

and what cn be seen on microscopy

A

segmental

effacement of foot processes

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3
Q

causes of FSGN

A

HIV
interferron
Sickle cell
condyloma accuminatum

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4
Q

most common organ affected in amyloidosis

A

AL AA —–> kidney

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5
Q

stain for amyloidosis

A

congo red

green birefringence under polarized light

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6
Q

diabetes most common primary organ affect

A

EYE — microaneurysm

then kidney

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7
Q

two mechanisms of damage in diabetes

A

non enzymatic glycosylation —- diabater glomerulopathy

osmotic damage

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8
Q

thickening of blood vessels primaryl effcets which vessel

A

efferent
inc GFR
inc FF
inc PR

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9
Q

what type of sclerosis seen in diabetes

A

eosinophilic nodular glomerulosclerosis

kimmelsteil wilson nodules

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10
Q

mixed cryoglobulinemia most commonly assoc with

A

hep C

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11
Q

mannifestation of cryoglobulinemia

A

joint —- arthralgia
skin — purpura

IC depostion of IgG and igA

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12
Q

osler weber rendu

A

AD
dialation of vessles / mucosa —- RESP GI SKIN

recurrent epistaxis / melena/ hematuria

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13
Q

primary biliary choalngitis

A

chronic autoimmune disease characterized by infiltration of lymphocytes

intraheptatic bile ducts …. medium and small sized are destroyed

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14
Q

which disease has same mannifestations as Graft vs HOST

A

PBC

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15
Q

pbc most common in ?

antibody?

A 
middle aged females
antimitochondiral antobody (igM)
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16
Q

antimicrosomal igG antobody seen in

A

hashimoto throiditis

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17
Q

treatment of ursodiol

A

dissolving gall stones
because in PBC there is stasis of bile (cholestasis)
solubilization of cholestrol

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18
Q

primary sclerosing cholangitis

A

assoc with UC
p ANCA
igM and in MALES

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19
Q

beaded appearance string of peal seen in

A

PSC

intrahepatic bileducts undergo fibrosis and strictures

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20
Q

PSC can progress to

A

secondary biliary cholangitis

cholangiocarcinoma of bile ducts

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21
Q

porcelain gall bladder seen in

A

adenocarcinoma of g bladder due to chronic cholecystitis

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22
Q

granulomatous thyroiditis

A

de quervain —-PAINFUL

viral infection

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23
Q

pathological fractures in teenagers

what is the most common cause

A

OSTEOSARCOMA

malignant condition

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24
Q

benign eosinophilic granulomas + pathological fractures in teenagers

A

langheran cell histiocytosis

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25
RESTRICTIVE LUNG DISEASE
``` WHIP GLANDS Wegners granulomatosis Hypersensitivty pneumonitis Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis Pneumoconiosis Good pasture Langheran cell histiocytosis ARDS NRDS Drugs (5fu) Sarcoidosis ```
26
origin of langheran cells
mesodermal
27
CD1a and s100 +
langheran cells | special dendritic cells of skin
28
langheran histiocytosis mannifestations
lytic bone lesions --- increased calcium skin rash recurrent otitis media
29
Dystrophic calcification occurs in
abnormal diseased tissue | tends to be localized
30
assoc condition of dystrophic calcification
``` fat necrosis liquefactive necrosis aortic stenosis TB (lung pericardium) rubella CMV toxoplasmosis PSAMMOMA ```
31
PSAMMOMA bodies seen in
``` Papillary carcinoma thyroid / ovaries Somatostatinoma A Meningioma Mesothelioma Ovarian serous cystadeno carcinoma Milk (prolactinoma) A ```
32
Metastatic calcification
in normal tissues widespread (diffused) INCREASED calcium levels
33
conditions assoc with metastatic calcification
hyperparathyroidism increased vitamin D ( inc absp of ca and po4-) sarcoidosis milk alkali synd calciphylaxis --- calcium accumulates in small vessels of skin or fat --- clot/ulcers multiple myeloma --- bone break down disease adult t cell lymphoma ---- HTLV1
34
which group is HTLV1 from
retrovirus | RNA
35
how does sarcoidosis increase calcium
non caseating granuloma makes 1 alpha hydroxylase this convers 25 HCC from liver into 125 DHCC (kidney) active form of vit D
36
what happens to calcium levels in alkalosis
negative cahrge increases ( as the H+ ions decrease) | calcium binds to the negative COO- ..... HYPOCALCEMIA ---- tetany
37
peripancreatic fat
saponification
38
NOTCH 1 gene
familial biscuspid AV
39
most common cause of subacute endo
str viridians mutans and sanguins adhere to fibrin and platelet aggregates prev damaged valves with DEXTRANS --- insoluble polysaccharides (sucros)
40
subacute endo can be assoc with
MVP vegetations deposited insidious (gradual onset)
41
biofilm is produced by
strept viridians strept epidermidis ---- prosthetic valve , catheter pseudomonas
42
biofilm helps as a barrier to
antibiotic penetration (opsonization) Tcell activation is also prevented by biofilms
43
pseudomonas can be assoc with
ventilator supp/ resp epithelium ---- cystic fibrosis | contact lens ----- keratitis
44
strept viridians optochin
reistant
45
staph epidermis
NO senstive urease + normal flora skin
46
staph epidermis can effect
``` prosthetic valves hi join (biofilm) ```
47
acute bacterial endocarditis caused by
staph aureus | NORMAL valves
48
normal flora nasal cavity / axilla / ears
staph aureus
49
normal flora skin
s epidermis
50
normal floa oropharynx
viridians
51
normal flora vagina
lactobacillus / e.coli
52
normal flora of colon
b. fragilis
53
``` painful skin fever rash increased AST ALT shock ```
TSST -1
54
acute suppurative parotitis is most commonly seen in
``` elderly post operative intubated use of anticholinergic drugs --> decrease secretions obstruction ---> silolithiasis ```
55
test for acute supp parotitis
imaging serum AMYLASE normal pancreatic lipase
56
exfoliative toxin from staph
blistering lesion (desmoglein) (protease)
57
enterotoxin from staph
food poisoning (2-6 hrs) preformed toxin non blood diarrhea
58
mcc of skin soft tissue abcess normal vs nocosomial
staph a | pseudomonas
59
Mec A gene
low affinity for B lactams
60
txt for MRSA
``` vancomycin TMP SMX clindamycin doxycycline linezolid ceftaroline (5th gen) daptomycin ```
61
use of daptomycin in MRSA resp infections
NO | surfactant inhibits daptomycin
62
aortic endocarditis can lead to which types of fistula
intra cardiac | aorto cavitary
63
culture negative endocarditis on native valves
``` Hemophilus Actinobacillus Cardiobacterium/ coxella Eikenella Kingella ```
64
iv drug abusers endocarditis
pseudomonas | staph aureus
65
causes of osteomyelitis in DIABETICS vs SICKLE CELL
diabetics ------ pseudomonas | sickle cell ----- salmonella
66
adenocarcinoma right side vs left side
right side bleeds | left obstructs
67
causes of non bacterial endocarditis
hypercoagulable state (virchows) --- P.embolism malignancy ( mucin activates coagulation) SLE ---- vegetations on both sides of valve
68
FROMJANE
``` Fever Roth spots Osler nodes (painful, immune complex) Murmur (M R ) Janeway lesions (painless) erythematous Anemia of chronic disease (micorcytic) Nail bed hemorrhage Embolization ```
69
causes of mitral valve prolapse
``` marfan / ehler danlos COXSACKIE B ---- rupture of c tendenai post MI ---- mitral valve rheumatic fever ADPKD ```
70
VSD murmur
holosystolic TRICUSPID area
71
large vsd vs small vsd
large --- low intensity | small --- high intensity
72
VSD can be assoc with
``` Down synd fetal alcohol synd cri du chat babies of DIABETIC MOTHERS Edward (18) patau (13) ```
73
most common congenital defect in babies of diabetic mothers
TGA | due to failure of aorticopulomary septum to spiral
74
Tricuspid regurgitation causes
endocarditis IV drug abusers (staph a ) rheumatic fever carcinoid (TI PS )

dr taher classes HK (24 decks)

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