CVS 8 Flashcards
(111 cards)
1
Q
CD 34 positive means
A
hematopoetic stem cell
2
Q
CD 31 postive
A
PE CAM
diapedesis
3
Q
CD 54
A
ICAM
4
Q
CD 106
A
VCAM
5
Q
NADPH oxidase def
A
CGD
treatment -= interferon gamma
6
Q
def of SOD O2 ----> H2O2
A
Amyotropic lateral sclerosis
pure motor disorder
7
Q
decrease progression of ALS by
A
riluzole
blocks NMDA rec
8
Q
greenish discolouration of sputum by
A
myeloperoxidase
9
Q
function of dorsal column
A
vib and proprioception
10
Q
lateral spinothalamic
A
pain and temp
11
Q
Inf ALPHA used to treat
A
MARCK Multiple myeloma/ malignant melanoma Antiviral hep b/c RCC CML / condyloma accuminatum Kaposci ( CD4 <500)
12
Q
IFN BETA
A
multiple sclerosis
13
Q
IFN GAMMA
A
CGD
14
Q
other treatment for MS
A
capoxone glatiramir high dose steroids natalizumab ( alpha 4 integrin) ocrelizumab ( CD 20) rituximab (CD20)
15
Q
how to treat spasticity in MS
A
baclofen tizanidine
16
Q
treatment with natalizumab increases risk of
A
JC virus induced PML
circular DNA virus
17
Q
treatment with rituximab causes
A
SERUM SICKNESS type III
18
Q
mention type III HSR ( immune complex)
A
SHARP SLE / serum sickness HSPN/ HSP Arthus reaction RPGN PAN/ PSGN
19
Q
monoclonal antibodies are safe to use in
A
liver and renal failure
20
Q
what are aeur rods made of
A
crystals of MPO
21
Q
pt with AML M3 is at risk of
A
DIC … aeur rods can lead to this
22
Q
AML M3
A
acute promyelocytic leukemia
(15;17)
aeur rods
23
Q
AML M5
A
acute myelomonocytic leukemia
24
Q
AML M7
A
acute megakaryocytic leukemia
25
which type of AML is assoc with DOWN SYNDROME age less than 5
AML M7
26
O2 independent mechanism
lysozymes---- Neutrophls
| Major basic protein---- eosinophils
27
cytokines for apoptosis
IL 10
TGF beta
IL4
28
TH1 makes
IL2 IFN gamma
29
what induces TH1
IL 12 IFN gamma
30
TH2 mkes
IL 4 5 6 10 13 TGF beta
31
what induces TH2
IL 2 IL 4
32
T REG makes
IL 10 TGFbeta IL 35
33
what induces TREG
TGF beta IL 2
34
TH 17 makes
IL 17 21 22
35
what induces TH 17
IL 1 ,6 , TGF beta
36
IL 12 receptor defect is seen in
low th1 response
recall IL 12 is released by TH0 to induce TH1 cells
LOW IFN gamma
37
Jbs sydnrome
```
HYPER igE
def of th17 STAT 3 mutation
```
38
FOXp3 mutation
IPEX immune dysregulation polyendocrinopathy enteropathy
39
what is the function of FOXp3
transcription factor that is expressed in T REG cells and it is important for their normal function
40
IPEX
```
x link recessive
FOX P3 genetic defect
absent CD 4+ ------CD 25+ reg T cells
early onset of disease
Diarrhea
Diabetes
Dermatitis
Dystrophy of nails
```
41
AIRE gene is involved in
Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis
| T cell dysf leads to candida infection
42
misfolded abnormal aggregate proteins in form of b pleated sheets
insoluble
| amyloidosis
43
how can we visualize amyloid deposits inside cell
congo red stain
| apple green birefringence under polarized light
44
what is the most common organ involved in amyloidosis
kidney
45
Mesangial deposits can be seen in these conditions
```
Bergers disease (IgA nephropathy)
Amyloidosis
Diabetes
```
46
role of AB amyloid in dementia linked to down synd
ch 21 has amyloid precursor preotein
| AB amyloid PHOSPHORYLATION ------ apoptosis of neurons ----- cortical atrophy
47
systemic AL
light chains
48
systemic AB2
B2 microglobulin from MHC 1
| hemodialysis / ESRD
49
systemic AA
chronic inflammatory disease
50
Localized AB
alzheimers
51
AIAPP
type 2 DM
| amylin
52
ANP
atria
53
A cal
calcitonin
54
ATTR
tranthyretin familial senile amyloidosis
55
Diastolic dysf due to restrictive heart disease can be caused by
amyloidosis
sarcoidosis ( calcification fibrosis)
radiation therapy (mostly presented as a pt with lymphoma because lymphocytes are most susceptible to radiation)
56
Loeffler syndrome
INCREASE in eosinophils
| damage due to the major basic protein in eosinophils
57
most common cardiac complication seen with hemochromatosis
DILATED CM
58
macroglossia can be seen in
cretinism
acromegaly
down syndome
59
components of the carpal tunnel
4 flexor digitorum superfic
4 felxor digitorum profundus
1 felor pollicis longus
1 MEDIAN nerve
60
medullary carcinoma of thyroid is linked to MEN
MEN 2A B
RET mutation
calcitonin is produced from the c parafollicualr cells
61
increase in calcitonin production leads to
HYPOcalcemia ---- long QT
62
ATTR
Trans---- transp
thy------- thyroid horm
retin------ retinol A
leads to restricive heart disease
63
hereditary ATTR mutation
familial amyloid cardiomyopathy
| familial amyloid polyneuro
64
acute phase reactants secondary to inflammation are induced by which cytokine
IL 6
65
anti IL 6 drug
tocilizumab
66
list of acute phase reactants secondary to inflammation
```
CRP
hepcidin
ferritin
fibrinogen
procalcitonin
```
67
CRP
opsonin --- phagocytosis
| atherosclerosis --- inflammation
68
hepcidin
negative iron regulatory protein
| locks off iron in the liver and bone marrow --- so micro organisms cant feed on it
69
ferritin
macrophages increase ferritin
70
fibrinogen
factor 1
| endothelial repair
71
procalcitonin
in BACTERIAL inf procalcitonin is increased x 10
72
what happens to ESR when fibrinogen is increased
ESR IS INCREASED
73
causes of increased ESR
```
GTA/ takayusu
autoimmune disease
infections
pregnancy
renal complications
cancers
```
74
causes of decreased ESR
sickle cell disaese
polycythemia
chronic heart failure
hypofibrinogenemia
75
formation of what in hep b and c can lead to hepatocellular carcinoma
scar tissue
| by CD 8 t cell
76
h. pylori can lead to
adenocarcinoma
| and MALTOMA ---- b cell non hodg
77
wound healing steps
hemostasis
inflammatory ( 1-3 days)
proliferation (3days - 3 weeks)
maturation remodelling (3 w to 3 months)
78
what happens in the inflammatory phase
neutrophils and macrophages --- phagocytosis of necrotic debri and bacteria
79
what happens in the proliferation phase
granulation tissue is formed (type 3 collagen)
fibroblast for connective tissue
VEGF --- neo vascularization and wound contraction
80
name anti VEGF
bevacizumab
| ranibizumb
81
what happens in maturation or remodelling phase
fibroblasts synthesize connective tissue
granulation tissue type 3 ---------> type 1
mediated by COLLEGENASE that requires ZINC
82
what would happen in zinc def
poor wound healing
| due to colleganse dysf
83
zinc is necessary for what other enzymes
1. zinc finger domain ( transcription factor)
| 2. metalloproteinase - zinc containing enzymes that degrade components of ECM and basement membrane
84
what is the role of metalloproteinase in cancer
invade BM membrane and lead to metastasis
decrease expression of E CADHERIN
85
Zinc finger motifs comprise of
amino acid chains bound by zinc atom
| also have cyteine and histidine residues that help in recognition of specific DNA sequence
86
which hormone receptors hace zinc finger binding domains
INTRACELLULAR recptrs
thyroid
steroid
fat soilube vitmins ADEK
87
necrolytic migratory erythema is seen in
GLUCAGUNOMA
88
what is ACRODERMATITIS ENTEROPATHICA
intestinal zinc absp defect
89
zinc def can cause these signs and symptoms
```
erythematous skon lesions (pustular vesicular)
hypogonadism
taste smell absence
impairement in wound healing
night blindness
LIVER CIRRHOSIS can also occur
decreases axillary pubic hair
```
90
which parasite can cause granulomatous response
schistosoma hematobium
91
S. hematobium can cause
granuloma inf
hemorrhagic cystitis
sq cell carcinoma
92
Painless hematuria can be seen in
bladder cancer
kidney cancer
nephritic synd
93
oainful hematuria
RENAL STONES
94
where is transitional cell epthelium found
bladder
ureters
renal pelvis
calyces
95
PSAC mnemonic is for
```
sq cell carcinoma bladder
Phenacetin
Smoking
Aniline dyes
Cyclophosphamide (alkylating agent)
```
96
sq cc of bladder is caused by prolinged irritation to the bladder by
smoking
renal stones
schistosoma hematobium
97
portal HTN vs Pulm HTN
portal + Hepatosplenomegly ---- s. mansoni
| pulmonary ---- s. hematobium
98
intermediate hosts for schistosoma and the stage of invasion
snails
| cercaria ---- penetrates teh skin
99
what is the mechanism of praziCAntel
increases permeability for schistosoma CALCIUM
100
systemic mycosis --- pneumonia all are dimorphic EXCEPT
coccidoides its a spherule
101
Histoplasmosis
smaller than RBCs
missisipi ohio ---- birfds/bats POOP (cave explorers)
macrophages filled with histoplasma
102
tongue ulcers, pancytopenia , hilar adenopathy seen in
histoplasmosis
103
Blastomycosis
same size as RBC
Great lakes
Blasto has Broad Base BUDS
104
blastomycosis mannifestations
BONE SKIN LUNG
| skin --- verrucous sq cc and granulomatous nodules
105
coccidoides
LARGER than RBC
not a YEAST
CAlifornia
exposure to DUST / earthquakes --- spherules with spores ------ desert rheumatism
erythema nodosum
106
paracoccicoides
LARGER than RBC
Latin america
Captain wheel
107
transmitted through BATS
HER
Histoplasmosis
Ebola ( flavivirus RNA)
Rabies ( rhabdovirus RNA)
108
localized infection with systemic mycoses
fluconazole itraconazole
109
systemic infection
amphotericin B pore in fungal cell membrane
110
pores in BACTERIAL cell membrane
daptomycin
| polymyxin
111
daptomycin SE
rhabdomyolysis
