D -> r1 - r4

Question 1

although a place looks perfect and serene and beautiful

Answer 1

geographers need to consider the drawbacks - linking to how different people have different views depending on their past experiences and memories, which shapes their perception of that place

Question 2

assets (the idyll) causeway coast

Answer 2

• beautiful rugged coastline
• giants cause: basalt plateau and columnar jointed raised beaches, inspiring the story of Irish Giant Finn McCool
• increasingly prosperous for some, but still marginal agriculture and fishing. mining/ kelp harvesting and potato + beef farming
• small (active) historic/ plantation towns, eg old bushmills whiskey
• peace, quiet, open space, less traffic and air pollution
• rustic architecture
• strong community spirit (migration challenges this)

Question 3

idyll definition

Answer 3

extremely happy, peaceful or picturesque

Question 4

negatives of idyll

Answer 4

• elderly marginalised, comment services in decline
• traffic congestion and pollution from tourism
• seasonal low paid empliyment
• accessibility to tourists changes notion of ‘safe’ (eg, park/ride, bus stop on causeway)
• overlapping traditions and sectarian divides
• pockets of deprivation
• inflated property prices (second homes/ air B&B)
• poor broadband/ connectivity
• smelly agriculture
• narrow economic base - limited opportunities

Question 5

causeway coast

Answer 5

• county antrim
• AONB since 1988
• UNESCO world heritage site
• national nature reserve in 1987
• managed by national trust, but land owned by Crown Estate/ private landowners

Question 6

historical facts about causeway coast

Answer 6

• Bronze Age settlements
• Scottish Sea Kingdom of Dalriada
• regularly invaded by Vikings

Question 7

reasons to object the idyll part 1

Answer 7

• housing is a major issue as costs are high and wages are often low. some schemes try to ring fence housing for local people, eg, Hastoe housing in Hampshire and Dorset
• Older/ longer term residents may realise that cage is necessary as traditional employment has declined and a community has aged
• fox hunting, fishing and shooting may be part of the way of life for many in rural areas, who are therefore resentful of any who object (eg, Oxfordshire)

Question 8

reasons to object the idyll part 2

Answer 8

• more recent retired arrivals may want to preserve or fossilise a long gone way of life, and unwilling to accept inevitable change
• recent arrivals object to mud, smell and tractors early in the morning and no mobile/slow wifi connections (parts of west midlands and Warwickshire)
• ethnic groups may be small and have varied reasons for choosing to lie in the chosen area, with multiple reasons for their views

Question 9

Derrick, coast Antrim

Answer 9

• 714 people
• 22% < 16
• 13% > 60
• 7.9% unemployed
• 98.8 % protestant
• 1.2% catholic

Question 10

who is affected by barriers vs the idyll

Answer 10

• people without cars particularly with infrequent/ expensive buses - get isolated
• older - having to make frequent journeys to health services
• young people - teens/ 20s - secondary/ tertiary education distant as well as major employers

Question 11

key barriers vs idyll

Answer 11

services
transport
housing
technology
isolation
social tensions

Question 12

services

Answer 12

eg banks/ gp/ shops/ post offices

long distance limits access, low usage limits threshold viability

Question 13

transport

Answer 13

dependent on car
depends on legal age
public age isn’t viable

Question 14

housing

Answer 14

rustic and attractive isn’t disability friendly

large gardens and high fuel are drain on finances

Question 15

technology

Answer 15

online services slow/ unavailable/ high cost

phone reception coverage poor/ alternative country

Question 16

isolation

Answer 16

away from family/ friends

elderly socialisation increasingly difficult

Question 17

social tensions

Answer 17

2nd homeowners/ farmers/ quarries/ forestry/ disease/ tourism. noise/ pollution
development becomes politically difficult`

Question 18

some groups have more significant

Answer 18

perceptions than others, eg, tourists have limited lived experience, therefore their main perceptions come from media and other external factors

Question 19

the rural idyll is great if you are

Answer 19

• affluent and so can afford access to jobs and services
• accès to transport and information networks
• socially connected

Question 20

the rural idyll isn’t great if you can’t

Answer 20

• access housing
• access jobs
• low income

Question 21

varying age groups have

Answer 21

different perceptions and viewpoints of an area that stem heavily from lived experiences and different desires and enjoyment

Question 22

counter urbanisation

Answer 22

when people move from urban areas to rural areas

Question 23

reurbanisation

Answer 23

movement of people into urban areas

Question 24

ripple effect

Answer 24

how the processes of counterurbanisation has pushed prices up

Question 25

Dumbbell market

Answer 25

where rich people have revitalised areas by doing things up but as a result jobs are lost and young people move away

Question 26

deregulation

Answer 26

when it becomes uneconomical to run services and exclusion affects the poor and elderly

Question 27

how much of England population lives in rural areas?

Answer 27

20% 19.8 million 98% of these are accessible rural places

Question 28

how do people living in rural areas feel

Answer 28

- all holiday homes pushing up prices for locals - no well paid work or opportunities - high travel costs and Tims - require outside help to set up businesses and teach them skill - no qualifications - not as accepting or understanding of different ethnic minorities or ethnicities - not sustainable for future generations

Question 29

human factors affecting perceptions of urban and rural areas

Answer 29

``` age familia's composition/size levels of education/ income ethnic background health status gender religion ```

Question 30

accessibility factors affecting perceptions of urban and rural areas

Answer 30

``` employment services public transport broadband recreation housing community services ```

Question 31

environmental factors affecting perceptions of urban and rural areas

Answer 31

``` pollution/crime levels open space amount/type housing conditions physical geography traffic congestion ```

Question 32

seasonal unemployment

Answer 32

high reliance on tourism in the region tat is seasonal in its uses and profit so the economic growth or income in general is only likely to come in summer and without it they would be unable to have a sustainable service or job

Question 33

commuter belt (accessible):

Answer 33

- result of suburbanisation and decentralisation - growing in population; wanting to leave urban problems, eg, high housing costs and poor environmental quality - young families high fertility and immigration = natural increase

Question 34

remote rural:

Answer 34

- suffered from depopulation - urbanisation push faros (remoteness, harsh physical environment) - spiral decline - economically active age leave, elderly are left behind

Question 35

quite accessible rural (retirement):

Answer 35

- strong component of retired people - some day tripper tourists in honeypot locations (landscape and the chocolate box villages) - promote jobs in tourism so more working age here

Question 36

Evesham

Answer 36

- rural market town in Worcestershire - population 23576 in 2011 - exceptionally fertile soil - commercial market gardening, eg, fruit and veg

Question 37

specific problems in Evesham

Answer 37

- 600 extra migrants living in shipping containers that do not have to be inspected (tied accommodation) - TAs have been hired to help with language barriers, an illegal housing means migrants are not counted in funding formulas - unintentional rule breaking creates pressure on serviees

Question 38

segregation

Answer 38

migrants moving into a a rural area creates tension and division - the idea of rural idyll (quiet, calm, pollution free) clashes with a perceives threat from increased noise and different culture, more pollution

Question 39

workforce

Answer 39

- European migrants provide a much needed workforce inures where farming is prevalent (vegetable and flower picking) - they bring social vitality to a remote rural area which may have otherwise had an ageing population

Question 40

is the rural idyll realistic?

Answer 40

- agriculture has become more commercialised and intensive with large machinery that creates a lot of noise, often late at night and with manure being added to soil, locals have lots to complain about - spoils the idealised image of rural idyll - there are also high levels of deprivation due to seasonal work, single parent families, unemployment, elderly people living alone, unaffordable housing and social exclusion

Question 41

some Evesham facts

Answer 41

- waterside hotel overlooking Avon bought by Kanes foods to lodge 600 workforce - bad living conditions for workers ran by Institute for Public Policy Research, like no water, caravans etc - 23% poles in tied accommodations - 56% not English students - evesham catholic school hired polish speaking assistant - 2005, 21 Chinese cockle pickers drowned because leftest into dangerous waters by boss so GLA was formed

Question 42

Rural 1 overall - causeway coast

Answer 42

Rural place seen differently by different groups because of lived experience + perception of these places - perceived often as tranquil, idyllic, natural landscapes, their history and culture - causeway coast an idyll?

Question 43

R2 overall - Dervock

Answer 43

Some rural locations perceived as undesirable by residents/ outsides - remoteness, limited social opportunities, limited services range, media representation - Dervock = bliss hides the hidden voices of rural disadvantaged

Question 44

R3 overall

Answer 44

Rural viewed in different ways: very remote - retirement, commuter villages

Question 45

R4 overall - Evesham

Answer 45

Some international migrants choose to live in rural areas, creates social opportunities and challenges - Evesham; east European migrants brought both pros and cons