G -> 2.3-3.1

Question 1

who’s does better because of movement via RUM?

Answer 1

• migrants earn regular wage
• more advanced/ preventative healthcare measures viable than rural areas
• access to secondary/ tertiary education, eg in Nairobi (for women and minority groups)
• LGBT migrants may find more acceptance, but persecution continues, eg, Ugandan cities
• business gain workers who are willing to do unpopular jobs - keeps wages/ costs low

Question 2

who does worse because of movement via RUM?

Answer 2

• new arrivals increase overcrowding and pressure on services
• those already living in the city - migrants may work for lower pay, and also higher demand for housing means pricing will go up
• pressure on government to combat overcrowding with water, housing, sanitation, transport, education, etc

Question 3

push factors for RUM

Answer 3

• poverty
• conflict
• natural disasters
• crop failures

Question 4

pull factors for RUM

Answer 4

• jobs
• education
• healthcare
• safety
  also can still send remittances back

Question 5

what is the primary sector?

Answer 5

economic activity which extracts raw materials, eg oil or fishing

Question 6

infrastructure in Karachi

Answer 6

• urban planning and service delivery have not kept pace with cities growth = city’s low liveability ranking
• no cohesive transportation policy, almost 1000 cars added to cities congested streets daily

Question 7

what is katchi abadis?

Answer 7

unable to provide housing to large numbers of refugees, slips haded to them so they can stay on any vacant land, nearly 50% of residents live on unplanned communities.

Question 8

total crop production in pakistan has fallen from rs 2.7 trillion in fy15 to

Answer 8

rs 2.6 trillion in fy16

- rural works may migrate to urban area given the change in economic and social conditions

Question 9

informal sector in Karachi

Answer 9

• informal employs unto 70% of workforce

- crackdown operation against criminals in 2013 resulted in dramatically low crime rates

Question 10

benefits for source country

Answer 10

• remittances received
• less unemployment
• wages rise as fewer workers available
• new job opportunities
• housing hospitals less crowded

Question 11

costs for source county

Answer 11

• loss of skilled workers (brain drain)
• loss of tax revenue
• loss of culture
• younger population leaving, so population is older

Question 12

costs for host country

Answer 12

• extra community policing and translation costs
• need for extra school places and health services in areas of concentrated immigration
• pressure on rented sector of housing members

Question 13

benefits for host country

Answer 13

• filling of skills gaps and labour shortages
• migrants contribute to economy as consumers
• more tax paying workers to support population

Question 14

what happened in 2004?

Answer 14

accession 8 added to EU so an influx of migration

Question 15

define londongrad

Answer 15

a name for wealthy regions of London where Russian business owners have brought property for their children and families

Question 16

do UK want Russian elite migrating and investing in London?

Answer 16

• Russian international investments in London is sizeable 27Bn
• Russia only account for 1% of UK financial services
• is there any need to impose sanctions on russia?

Question 17

what do low wage eu migrant do

Answer 17

• are willing to work for lower wages and do unpopular jobs
• as a result wages will go down and they will take domestic jobs which could cause a social division
• also economically not good as there will be more leakages through remittances and less spending in circular domestic economy

Question 18

what do Russian oligarchs do

Answer 18

• a lot of investment
• a lot of tax
  = more revenue to the government

Question 19

rio games stats

Answer 19

2 million tickets sold
170k spectators
- presents seriously disabled as glamorous, ambitious and capable rather than a victimised minority

Question 20

problems with paralympics

Answer 20

• still doesn’t receive equal media coverage - Russia, Japan and US didn’t really show it

Question 21

what is spread through globalisation?

Answer 21

• clothes
• products
• food
• attitude towards DWAGES
• attitude towards environment

Question 22

think: what groups other than disabled have benefitted from spread of global culture and how?

Answer 22

low income
ethnic minorities
older/ younger 
women
LGBT

Question 23

what does cultural erosion consist of?

Answer 23

loss of language, traditions, music, clothes, social relations
- diffusion + dilution

Question 24

what happened in PNG?

Answer 24

1905 had been colonised by Australia, experienced suppression of tribal warfare to allow freedom of movement
- this damaged the intricate tribal structure as intermarriages happened, and cultures died out and western values spread by colonialism

Question 25

what happened in Bougainville

Answer 25

- 1964 discovery of copper meant construction of giant copper mine Rio Tinto and Australians took most of profits while employing mainland PNG citizens and extracting Bougainville resources - inevitable conflict as BRA was formed in 1988

Question 26

overall BV and PNG

Answer 26

PNG culture diluted and younger went to work on mines, also deforestation and species such as tree kangaroos in danger Bougainville dominated by TNC's and effectively had their resources robbed

Question 27

explain why globalisation results in cultural erosion in some parts of the world?

Answer 27

- TNC's bring new products and services which often includes largely western cultural ideas which can push out local industry which results in disappearance of traditional artefacts/ services/ languages

Question 28

examples of globalisation positively impacting culture

Answer 28

- unesco world heritage sites preserved | - impact of social media on preserving culture/ environment

Question 29

cultural diffusion explained

Answer 29

- culture spread by globalisation - forced diffusion = imperialism - voluntary diffusion = banal imperialism

Question 30

is tension inevitable with globalisation? (yes)

Answer 30

yes: - younger members of communities exposed to new ideas through formats such as internet, rearing tension with elders - political clash, eg, North Korean elite reject cultural norms of democratic western society

Question 31

is tension inevitable with globalisation? (no)

Answer 31

- some communities such as Hasidic jewish in stamford hill resist - diaspora may choose to preserve culture such as Bengali in London

Question 32

what does impacts of globalisation depend on?

Answer 32

- access to globalisation vs amount of censorship - time of exposure to globalisation - age balance in community - might not be tension at all (views could be embraced like Paralympics) - might not be westernisation! Bollywood or anime

Question 33

what does cultural continuum consist of?

Answer 33

1. progressive acceptance of new diaspora 2. cautious acceptance of Diaspora with some controls 3. resistance to increased cultural diversity

Question 34

hybridism definition

Answer 34

positive view of American culture as organic as it adopts and absorbs new migrant vlues

Question 35

pluralism definiton

Answer 35

EU nations tolerate equal rights for all migrants to practice their religious and cultural beliefs

Question 36

closed door to migration example

Answer 36

cambodia did not allow any forms of immigration during pol pot years

Question 37

how does china prevent impacts of globalisation

Answer 37

- has clone apps just made for china - does not broadcast western media - censorship of lots of different websites basically reduce exposure to globalisation

Question 38

limitations of data

Answer 38

- some aspects are hard to measure and be quantified regardless of how important they are - hard to compare - different people value different aspects of life higher than others - hard to produce stats that measure quality of life

Question 39

explain why using GDP per capita as a measure of economy is unrelaible

Answer 39

- doesn't show power of economy - doesn't show rate of economic growth - billionaires can push value up - maybe use the median household income instead

Question 40

2.3 overall

Answer 40

Environmental challenges for developing world megacities because of RUM - Karachi

Question 41

2.4 overall

Answer 41

Multiple flows of migration into hub like cities - London oligarchs

Question 42

Poles in Slough

Answer 42

- 4x pay as in Poland - polish already established - polish have contributed 3x the cost - led to council tax boost - pressure on health, education and housing - pupil benefits costs

Question 43

2.5 overall

Answer 43

And as culture spreads, big changes in attitude towards disability sports - awareness for disadvantaged groups

Question 44

2.6 overall

Answer 44

Also catastrophic erosion of indigenous culture e.g. PNG

Question 45

2.7 overall

Answer 45

Rise of politically fractured societies, e.g. nationalist politics in Germany

Question 46

3.1 overall

Answer 46

On whole, neoliberal globalisation has led to the rapid progress and developing of countries around the world, but there are divides within and between countries measured by Lorenz curves

Question 47

Cultural diffusion impacts on both environment and people - changing diets in Asia

Answer 47

- spread of a western diet, through McDonald’s, KFC and other fast food - many emerging countries reporting rise in obesity and diabetes

Question 48

Gender inequality index

Answer 48

Combines reproductive health of women, their participation in the workforce.