G -> 1.5-2.2

Question 1

Things that indicate to the level of globalisation

Answer 1

• amounts of imports and exports of goods and services
• Migration of people in and out of a country
• Ethnic and cultural diversity
• International air travel
• Data connections between areas
• Permanent migrants

Question 2

KOF and Kearney?

Answer 2

2 companies that have made their respective indexes to measure degree of globalisation within a country

Question 3

KOF globalisation index

Answer 3

Measured since 1970 for 158 countries
24 indicators through 3 main categories:
- economic globalisation
- social globalisation
- political globalisation
Each indicator is converted value, and it’s all averaged out

Question 4

AT Kearney index

Answer 4

A US Management Consultancy - Look at only 62 countries
- economic integration: trade and FDI flows
- technological connectivity - internet users
- political engagement - UN + other IGO membership
- personal contact - international travel and tourism, etc
Index values from 0-1

Question 5

define glocalisation

Answer 5

• adapt goods/ services to appeal to the customer, taste, religion(no topless A&F models in UAE), laws
• remember local regulation restrictions, eg - A&F joint venture with maid al futtaim fashion
• McDonald’s veggie in some India due to Hindu and Sikh

Question 6

define outsourcing

Answer 6

outsourcing to another company, to avoid the cost of repeating something another part of the company is doing eg, A&F, A&F kids, Hollister all make use of sportswear made in bangladesh

Question 7

define offshoring

Answer 7

moving operations to another country (cheaper)
- e,g building new factory in china due to lower wage rates

Question 8

environmental description of the Sahel

Answer 8

• semi arid climate of 200-400mm, agriculture reliant on rainy season
• climate change = desertification
• harsh desert climates

Question 9

political description of the Sahel

Answer 9

• landlocked, poor quality roads and freedom of passage through other countries to access coastal ports
• high transport costs therefore, = less FDI
• severe conflict with jihadist insurgency

Question 10

economic description of the Sahel

Answer 10

• 64% below the poverty line
• poor infrastructure and low skinks of working population = discourage FDI
• low income levels lack market size to attract retail
• subsistence farming

Question 11

social description of the Sahel

Answer 11

• food shortage encourage anger and extremism
• high rate of infant mortality
• 37k refugees fled into Burkina Faso

Question 12

technological description of the Sahel

Answer 12

• little shelter/ water/ roads/ hospital in Mali

Question 13

describe North Korea in terms of politics to me

Answer 13

• North Korea remains cut off from the rest of the world, as it wishes to be self sufficient under its heavily command economy
• have limited trade only with china, other than that they are switched off from the rest of the world

Question 14

why do some places stay switched off from connectivity??

Answer 14

• tourism blocked
• low economic growth leading to low technological advances
• conflict zone (terrorism)
• lack of rain, arid environment

Question 15

physical root cause of lack of investment into Sahel

Answer 15

• arid conditions + desertification mean that only possible integration likely to be shallow, like food aid for subsistence farmers

Question 16

economic root cause of lack of investment into sahel

Answer 16

• cost of providing infrastructure
• wages will be low, so negligible spending power, so not viable markets, so no investment into creating consumer networks

Question 17

chad government

Answer 17

earmarked 99% of funds that were meant to go to helping hospitals

Question 18

what is global shift

Answer 18

relocation of the global economic centre of gravity to Asia from Europe and North America over he last 30 years

Question 19

describe dhaka

Answer 19

• savar polluted suburb

- rana plaza collapsed in April 2013, killed 1100 and led to major structural, fire, electricity and safety reforms

Question 20

positives of global shift

Answer 20

• movement of shift to Asia, has brought many benefits to host countries as millions have migrated for work opportunities in the secondary sector
• absolute poverty reduction - 1 billion since 1990
• TNC’s invest in training and skills development
• investment in infrastructure

Question 21

negatives of global shift

Answer 21

• loss of productive land for manufacturing + pollution of air/water
• RUM - rapid urban pop. Growth outpaces formal housing prices construction = unplanned settlements
• large scale child labour
• corruption is a hindrance to meet emission targets

Question 22

environmental problems caused by global shift

Answer 22

• there are high levels of pollution, and dumping of waste
• megacities generate a large amount of pollutants from traffic congestion
• overcrowded slums mean more disease from poor sanitation and water borne diseases

Question 23

positives of globalisation for Dhaka

Answer 23

• 750 companies now on Dhaka stock exchange
• Dhaka now accounts for 35% of Bangla economy
• Dhaka now connected to longest routes of asian highway network

Question 24

negatives of globalisation for dhaka

Answer 24

• very old, buried water pipes have been eroded with age
• worlds poorest air quality
• disasters such as Rana plaza collapse
• 100000 hectares of agricultural land lost per year due to rapid urbanisation

Question 25

what is dereliction?

Answer 25

- combination of manufacturing industry closures, falling house prices and rising crime rates in a widespread environmental dereliction

Question 26

what is depopulation?

Answer 26

- migrating out of falling neighbourhoods in large numbers

Question 27

crime and unemployment as a result of economic restructuring

Answer 27

crime: rising crime reminds us that losers go globalisation can be found in all areas high unemployment: less tax = less to reinvest = that neighbourhood fails unless government acts to stop market failure

Question 28

free trade

Answer 28

ability to import/ export freely between countries, without tariff barriers

Question 29

post industrial definition

Answer 29

- change from industrial to tertiary/quarternary/ quinary sector jobs

Question 30

1.5 overall

Answer 30

Degree of globalisation varies by country and can be measured by different indicators and indices

Question 31

1.7 overall

Answer 31

Physical, political, economic and environmental reasons why some locations remain largely switched off

Question 32

Why remain switched off?

Answer 32

- physical isolation of some locations, e.g. Sahel i]with extreme climates and low pop mean infrastructure development unprofitable - landlocked countries mean agreements with neighbours to trade - unprofitable global Internet infrastructure like fibre optic cables - political isolations like North Korea - Trade restrictions in low income countries, like Zambian copper or oil from Sudan so complex trade networks fail to develop due to PPD - basic education and literacy level - lack of access to clean water and bad health is bad workforce - lack of tech and infrastructure ops on FDI

Question 33

2.1 overall

Answer 33

We’re seeing a global shift in the economic centre of gravity towards SE Asia away from the west

Question 34

2.2 overall

Answer 34

Global shift has led to huge economic challenges for deindustrialised Britain, NE England

Question 35

Scunthorpe

Answer 35

2200 jobs lost, owned by Tat. Worries about ghost town 90% decline in U.K. iron.steel

Question 36

Impact of deindustrialisation on Detroit

Answer 36

High unemployment - thousands of jobs lost when automobile industry collapsed Crime - rising gun crime, 30 years lower LE than suburban affluent blocks Depopulation. - richer white, affluent citizens white flighted, leaving poor Blake brudda sin the inner city

Question 37

Negatives of KOF index

Answer 37

- tech advancements mean some of indicators like international mail look old - trade flows will not include informal economy flows - choice and weighting of indicators?

Question 38

Kearney negatives

Answer 38

- only 62 countries - first done in 2008 - weightings

Question 39

Manufacturing in china

Answer 39

- 680 million Chinese out of extreme poverty since 1980 - bad working conditions - Foxconn suicides + low health safety standards - reinvestment into social welfare by CCP = literacy rate rising from 20 - 84% + 7 million uni grads 2014 - infrastructure expansion - 3 gorges dam

Question 40

Environmental problems in china

Answer 40

- severe air pollution - in northern China estimated to reduced life by 5 years - coal burning power stations - 50% of rivers and lakes polluted - severe deforestation - WWF reported half of chinas land based species have been lost