Dentistry - basics, nerve blocks, extraction

Question 1

What are the different layers of a tooth?

Answer 1

Outer - enamel
Middle - dentine
Inside - pulp

Question 2

What is the term for in the direction of the top of the tooth?

Answer 2

Coronal

Question 3

What is the part of the root above the gingiva called?

Answer 3

Crown

Question 4

What is the term for in the direction of the tip of the root called?

Answer 4

Apical

Question 5

What is the hardest tissue in the body?

Answer 5

The enamel

Question 6

What makes up the majority of the tooth?

Answer 6

The dentine

Question 7

What mineralised connective tissue covers the root of the tooth?

Answer 7

Cementum

Question 8

What is the term for the surface of the tooth that is on the outside against the cheek?

Answer 8

Buccal/labial

Question 9

What is the space between the free gingiva and the tooth called?

Answer 9

The gingival sulcus

Question 10

What attaches the tooth to the bone and is a shock absorber during mastication?

Answer 10

Periodontal ligament

Question 11

What is the triadan number for a dogs upper right canine tooth?

Answer 11

104

Question 12

What is the triadan number for a dogs lower left carnassial tooth?

Answer 12

309

Question 13

What teeth are missing/not present in cats compared to dogs?

Answer 13

105 and 205 - the first maxillary premolar teeth

Question 14

How many roots does 102 have in a dog?

Answer 14

1 - incisor

Question 15

How many roots does 108 have in a dog?

Answer 15

3 - carnassial

Question 16

How many roots does 408 have in a dog?

Answer 16

2 - lower premolar

Question 17

How many roots does 307 have in a dog?

Answer 17

2 - lower premolar

Question 18

What triadan number is the first lower molar in a dog?

Answer 18

309/409

Question 19

How many roots does 106 have in a cat?

Answer 19

1 - small premolar

Question 20

How many roots does 208 have in a cat?

Answer 20

3 - upper carnassial

Question 21

How many roots does 209 have in a cat?

Answer 21

1 - small molar at the back

Question 22

How many roots does 309 have in a cat?

Answer 22

2 - last molar at the back at the bottom

Question 23

Why is dental radiography important?

Answer 23

Can only see part of tooth
Cant provide proper complete care without it

Question 24

What two techniques are used to take radiographs?

Answer 24

Parallel technique
Bisecting angle technique

Question 25

What is the bisecting angle technique when taking dental x rays?

Answer 25

A specific angle worked out to create a shadow of the teeth

Question 26

What is the angle the x ray beam is to the plate used for the parallel technique?

Answer 26

90 degrees - the object is parallel to the image plate

Question 27

How do you stop roots of 3 rooted teeth being superimposed?

Answer 27

Shift the x ray beam horizontally

Question 28

What is the SLOB rule for superimposing teeth?

Answer 28

Same Lingual Opposite Buccal The root more lingual will be imaged in the same direction as the tube is shifted The buccal root will shift the opposite way

Question 29

What is seen as a radiolucent line on the mandible?

Answer 29

Mandibular canal

Question 30

What is the name of the wall of the tooth socket?

Answer 30

Lamina dura

Question 31

What looks different about young permanent teeth on radiograph?

Answer 31

Wide pulp Narrow dentine Open apex - closed after 12 months of age

Question 32

What looks different about deciduous teeth on radiograph?

Answer 32

Smaller Narrow roots

Question 33

What pathologic changes to teeth can be seen on radiograph due to periodontitis?

Answer 33

Periodontitis - Periodontal ligament space widening Bone loss Periapical lucency

Question 34

What pathology cant be seen on radiograph?

Answer 34

Gingivitis - soft tissue

Question 35

What are some pathological changes seen on radiograph after tooth trauma?

Answer 35

Fractured roots Endodontitis - tooth dying Jaw damage Luxated teeth - out of normal place

Question 36

What are the two different types of local anaesthesia used in dentistry?

Answer 36

Splash block - local Nerve block - regional

Question 37

What drug is used for local anaesthesia in dentistry?

Answer 37

Lidocaine (Bupivicaine - slower onset longer duration)

Question 38

What are some risks of local anaesthetic used in dentistry?

Answer 38

Damage to neurovascular bundle Haematoma Occular trauma - inject into eye Accidental IV injection

Question 39

What nerve block do you use to block the entire maxilla?

Answer 39

Maxillary nerve block

Question 40

What are the different approaches used for a maxillary nerve block? Which is safest?

Answer 40

Intraoral approach Transcutaneous approach - safest

Question 41

What nerve block blocks the upper canine and front teeth only?

Answer 41

Infraorbital nerve block

Question 42

What is the risk of doing an infraorbital nerve block?

Answer 42

Risk to eye if put needle into canal too far

Question 43

What nerve block blocks the entire mandible?

Answer 43

Inferior alveolar (caudal mandibular) nerve block

Question 44

What are the two approaches used for the inferior alveolar nerve block?

Answer 44

Intraoral Transcutaneous (same as maxillary)

Question 45

What is the risk of doing an inferior alveolar nerve block?

Answer 45

Risk of hitting the lingual nerve desensitising the tongue Avoid by guiding needle as close to bone as possible

Question 46

What nerve block blocks just the lip and rostral soft tissues?

Answer 46

Mental nerve block

Question 47

What are the risks/drawbacks of the mental nerve block?

Answer 47

Needle entry into mental foramen can cause nerve damage Not very useful - use inferior alveolar instead

Question 48

What are some dental specific anaesthetic considerations?

Answer 48

Wet procedure - keep warm Long GA - may need extra fluids Multimodal analgesia needed Do in prep

Question 49

What are the 5 steps of a scale and polish?

Answer 49

1. Lavage - chlorhexidine 2. Crack off calculus 3. Ultrasonic scaling 4. Hand scaling 5. Polishing

Question 50

What tool do you use for hand scaling? What does it look like?

Answer 50

Subgingival curette - rounded back to probe so doesnt damage soft tissues

Question 51

How do you prep for a tooth extraction?

Answer 51

Get consent Pre-op radiographs Nerve blocks

Question 52

What is a closed extraction?

Answer 52

Extraction without incising the gingiva

Question 53

What are the indications for a closed extraction?

Answer 53

Small single rooted teeth Significant bone loss

Question 54

What is a surgical extraction?

Answer 54

Create flap, remove alveolar bone

Question 55

What are the indications for a surgical extraction?

Answer 55

Multirooted teeth Canine teeth Root abnormalities Periodontal lig still attached

Question 56

What suture should you use to suture flap closed?

Answer 56

Small monofilament absorbable suture - 4-0 or 4-0 monocryl Reverse cutting needle

Question 57

What are the different types of home care dentistry?

Answer 57

Active - brushing, rinsing Passive - food, chews