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CVSOH BVSc4 > Derm - neoplastic skin diseases > Flashcards

Derm - neoplastic skin diseases Flashcards

1
Q

How are skin tumours classified?

A

Epithelial
Spindle cell
Round cell
Melanocytic
Metastasis to skin

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2
Q

What causes papilloma?

A

Papillomavirus - DNA virus

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3
Q

How do papilloma viruses grow?

A

Grow out of the skin - exophytic

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4
Q

What changes to the epithelium do papilloma cause?

A

Hyperplastic/keratotic squamous epithelium
Have a fibrovascular stalk

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5
Q

What cause is associated with squamous cell carcinoma?

A

UV light

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6
Q

Where do squamous cell carcinoma tend to affect?

A

Eyelids, ear tips, unpigmented thin hair areas

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7
Q

What changes to the epithelium do squamous cell carcinoma cause?

A

Invasive cords to squamous epithelium
Keratin pearls/aggregates form
Scirrhous - fibrous tissue forms around the mass

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8
Q

What can cause digital squamous cell carcinoma in cats?

A

Pulmonary metastasis

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9
Q

What are infundibular cysts, infundibular keratinising acanthoma and trichoblastoma examples of?

A

Tumours of the hair follicles

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10
Q

What to tumours of the hair follicles mostly present as?

A

Benign, slow growing masses in older animals

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11
Q

What is the most common tumour of the hair follicle in dogs?

A

Infundibular cyst

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12
Q

What are the features of an infundibular cyst?

A

Marked thickening of the epithelial lining of the hair follicle

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13
Q

What are the features of a keratinising acanthoma in dogs?

A

Keratin protrudes out of the opening of the hair follicle
Complete branching of the wall

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14
Q

What are some sebaceous gland masses?

A

Sebaceous hyperplasia
Sebaceous adenoma
Sebaceous adenocarcinoma

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15
Q

What is the most common sebaceous gland mass?

A

Sebaceous hyperplasia

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16
Q

What is a Sebaceous hyperplasia?

A

Benign proliferation of normal sebaceous glands

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17
Q

What is an example of a Sebaceous adenoma?

A

Meibomian gland adenoma

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18
Q

Where is a meibomian gland adenoma located?

A

In the eyelid

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19
Q

What is another name for a hepatoid gland hyperplasia?

A

Circumanal gland hyperplasia/adenoma

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20
Q

What signalment of animal are circumanal gland hyperplasia/adenoma found in?

A

Middle age/older intact male dogs (partially castration responsive)

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21
Q

What kind of tumour is more common in anal sac apocrine gland tumours?

A

Adenocarcinoma rather than adenoma
More likely to be malignant

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22
Q

What are the main features of anal sac apocrine gland tumours? What side effects do they cause?

A

Metastatic, infiltrative
Cause pseudo-hyperparathyroidism
Cause Paraneoplastic hypercalcaemia

23
Q

What structures can mesencymal cell tumours affect?

A

Fat
Fibrous tissue
Muscle
Blood vessels
Bone
Cartilage

24
Q

What is fibrous tissue?

A

Collagen - fibroblasts

25
Q

What animal are fibromas mostly found in?

A

Cats

26
Q

What is the appearance of fibromas?

A

Well circumscribed bundles and whorls of collagen with uniform fibroblasts

27
Q

What animal are fibrosarcomas usually found in?

A

Dogs
Young and old cats

28
Q

What differs between young and old cats with fibrosarcomas?

A

Young cats - multicentric fibrosarcomas from FeLV
Old cats - solitary fibrosarcomas from injection sites

29
Q

What is the appearance of a fibrosarcoma on histopath?

A

Pleomorphic cells with mroe mitotic figures and giant cells
Rapid growth, infiltrative

30
Q

Are fibrosarcomas metastatic?

A

No

31
Q

What are sarcoids? What causes them?

A

Fibrous tissue tumours in horses caused by bovine papilloma virus

32
Q

What is the appearance of sarcoids on histopath?

A

Hyperplastic epidermis
Whorls and bundles of collagen/fibroblasts
Usually low mitoses
Local infiltration

33
Q

Are sarcoids metastatic?

A

No - local infiltration only but may recur after removal

34
Q

What are histiocytic tumours?

A

Tumours from cells that infiltrate the skin

35
Q

What is the most common dog skin tumour?

A

Histiocytoma

36
Q

What is a histiocytoma?

A

Benign rapidly growing ‘strawberry button’ tumour in young dogs that can spontaneously regress

37
Q

What makes up a histiocytoma?

A

Dendritic langerhans cells
Cytotoxic lymphocytes infiltrate at the base

38
Q

Will histiocytomas recur after excision?

A

No

39
Q

What animal do mast cell tumours affect?

A

Dogs - bad, more common
Cats - benign, rarely metastasise

40
Q

Do mast cell tumours metastasise?

A

Yes - local infiltration and metastasis to local lymph nodes

41
Q

What is the appearance of mast cells on histopath?

A

A sheet of mast cells with varying differentiation and depth of infiltration
Will see eosinophils (pink) and lymphoid aggregates

42
Q

What can mast cells cause?

A

Paraneoplastic effects - histamine

43
Q

What are the two forms of melanocytic tumours?

A

Melanocytoma - benign
Malignant melanoma

44
Q

What animal is a benign dermal melanomas found in?

A

Dogs

45
Q

What do benign dermal melanomas look like grossly?

A

Pigmented solitary nodule of haired skin

46
Q

What do benign dermal melanomas look like on histopath?

A

Contain dermal infiltrate and epidermal nests with junctional activity
Melanophages present

47
Q

What animal are malignant melanomas found in?

A

Dogs

48
Q

Where are malignant melanomas found?

A

Oral
Digital
Scrotal

49
Q

Can malignant melanomas metastasise?

A

Yes - not always a poor prognosis but may metastasise to local lymph nodes or lungs

50
Q

What do malignant melanomas look like on histopath?

A

Hard to distinguish from benign ones
but pleomorphic, mitoses
Invasiveness
Not more pigmented - may be amelanotic

51
Q

What animal gets melanomas quite a lot?

A

Horses - especially grey ones older than 6

52
Q

What is it called when horses have multiple melanomas?

A

Melanomatosis

53
Q

Are equine melanomas malignant?

A

They can be, but they are slow growing

CVSOH BVSc4 (86 decks)

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