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CVSOH BVSc4 > Lame - chondroprotectives > Flashcards

Lame - chondroprotectives Flashcards

1
Q

What are chondroprotectives also known as?

A

Nutraceuticals - nutrition and pharmaceuticals

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2
Q

What is a chondroprotective?

A

An agent that stops degredation of articular cartilage
Promotes chondrocyte metabolism
Treats osteoarthritis in dogs and cats

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3
Q

What are some examples of chondroprotectives?

A

Glucosamine
Hyaluronic acid
Polysulfated glycosaminoglycan
Green lipped mussel
Vitamin E

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4
Q

What is the legislation surrounding nutraceuticals?

A

They arent technically drugs so can be marketed without proof they work
May not contain what the label says

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5
Q

What type of chondroprotectives are legislated?

A

Injectibles

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6
Q

What are the modes of action of chondroprotectives?

A

Stimulate chondrocytes
Stimulate synoviocytes
Increase synovial fluid viscosity
Inhibit enzymes
Anti-inflammatory
Anti-oxidants
Support collagen formation

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7
Q

What is glucosamine?

A

An amino monosaccharide made of glucose and glutamine
Building block for glycosaminoglycans

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8
Q

What does glucosamine do?

A

Makes up the extracellular matrix of cartilage

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9
Q

How is glucosamine produced commercially?

A

The hydrolysis of crustacean exoskeletons - found in these

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10
Q

What is chondroitin?

A

Predominant component of cartilage
Polymer of repeating disaccharide units

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11
Q

What is chondroitin produced from commercially?

A

Bovine, poultry or shark cartilage

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12
Q

What is the supposed mechanism of action of glucosamine and chondroitin?

A

Stimulates glycosaminoglycan and collagen production
Work together synergistically
Improves cartilage integrity

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13
Q

What is a product made up of polysulphated glycosaminoglycan from bovine cartilage?

A

Adequan

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14
Q

What animals is adequan given to? How is it given?

A

IM injection for horses and dogs

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15
Q

When disease is adequan given to treat?

A

Non infectious degenerative or traumatic arthritis

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16
Q

How often is adequan given?

A

Every day for 7 days
Or every week for 5 weeks

17
Q

What is a concern with toxicity associated with adequan?

A

Similar to heparin so theoretically might inhibit coagulation

18
Q

What hyaluronic acid product is licensed for horses?

A

Hyalovet/hyvisc

19
Q

How is hyalovet administered?

A

Intraarticular injection

20
Q

What is hyalovet meant to improve?

A

Joint fluid viscosity
Inhibit inflammatory enzymes

21
Q

What chondroprotective drug contains pentosan polysulphate?

A

Cartrophen

22
Q

How is cartrophen given?

A

Weekly injections

23
Q

What animals is pentosan used in?

A

Dogs, horses

24
Q

What are the side effects of cartrophen?

A

Vomiting
Anticoagulant

25
Q

What are the claims that cartrophen can improve?

A

Stimulate chondrocytes to synthesise matrix
Anti-inflammatory

26
Q

What are omega 3 fatty acids said to help with?

A

Reduced cartilage degredation
Anti-inflammatory properties
Treat osteoarthritis symptoms

27
Q

What is green lipped mussel?

A

Mussel from new zealand
High omega 3 fatty acid content

28
Q

What are green lipped mussels said to help with?

A

Anti-inflammatory
Help with arthritis - inhibits 5 lipooxygenase pathway

29
Q

What are the adverse effects of chondroprotectives?

A

Usually mild/rare - no serious risk
GI side effects
Potentially anti-coagulant

30
Q

What evidence is there from chondroprotective trials involving chondroitin?

A

Mild to no improvements with Chondroitin sulphate glucosamine supplements
Better improvements with NSAIDs
All double blind trials
So limited conclusive evidence for beneficial effects

31
Q

What evidence of efficacy is there for pentosan?

A

Improvements in dogs and horses for OA
No improvement in dogs with cruciate disease

32
Q

What should you say to clients about chondroprotectives?

A

Some scientific evidence supporting their use
No definitive beneficial effects for animals with OA
Side effects minimal/mild
Try for 2-3 months
If no improvement stop use

CVSOH BVSc4 (86 decks)

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