Exotics - fish Flashcards
(25 cards)
What is the consultation process for fish?
History eg. pond, water quality, stocking levels, disease progression, fish behaviour
Clinical exam - water quality test, fish exam
DDx, diagnostic tests, diagnosis and treatment
What is a sign of hypoxia in fish?
Gathering around fountains/water aerators
What can you use to anaesthetise a fish?
Phenoxethanol
MS222 Tricaine methane
How long can you have the fish out of the water for before it has to go back in during anaesthesia?
5 mins
What are the stages of anaesthesia in a fish?
Stage 1 - light sedation, slight loss of reactivity
Stage 2 - deep sedation, total loss of reactivity, normal equilibrium
Stage 3 - partial loss of equilibrium, erratic swimming
Stage 4 - total loss of equilibrium, reactive only to deep pressure stimuli
Stage 5 - loss of reflex activity, gill flaps not moving much
Stage 6 - medullary, gasping, close to death
What diagnostic tests are carried out as part of a fish clinical exam?
Mucus scraping - for parasites
Gill and fin preparations - for parasites
Bacteriology - swab ulcers, kidneys etc.
Blood sampling
Radiography
Ultrasonography
What are the common parasites of fish?
Trichodina - small protozoa
Skin fluke
Sea lice
What is the treatment for trichodina?
Formalin
How do you blood sample a fish?
Advance needle until hits tailbone, then bring back a bit until get blood
Ventrally is easier but can go in laterally
What are the different methods of administrating medication to a fish?
In water dips, baths
In food medication - relies on animal eating
Gavage - crop tube
Injection
Topical - for ulcers etc.
What are the injection sites in a fish?
Dip between dorsal fin and head
Or into muscle flanks on side
How do you give antibiotics to a fish?
Injection when under GA
In food
Not in water - destroys bacteria in filters
What is a zoonotic disease in fish?
Fish tuberculosis - mycobacterium
Local no healing ulcers
How do you treat fish TB?
Cull - no treatment
Quarantine new fish for 2 months
How do you euthanase a fish?
Anaesthetise (MS222 or phenoxyethanol)
Pentobarbitone injection, sever spinal cord
What are the notifiable diseases of fish in the UK?
Koi herpesvirus disease
Infectious salmon anaemia
Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia
Infectious haematopoietic necrosis
Bacterial kidney disease
Spring viraemia of carp
Gyrodactylosis - fluke
What do you do if high ammonia in water quality test?
Add zeolite rock - absorbs it
How can you reduce stress in fish?
Add salt to water - 2g/L
What is the most common cause of disease in fish? What is it caused by?
Ulcer disease - due to septicaemia
Immunosuppression from poor water quality allows bacteria in water to invade
What bacteria is most commonly found to cause ulcer disease in fish?
Aeromonas hydrophila
How do you treat ulcers?
Clean with iodine
Pack with waterproof gel
Inject antibiotics
What does reddening of the fins mean
Septicaemia
What are 3 causes of a swollen abdomen in fish?
Dropsy - ascites in abdomen
Polycystic kidney in goldfish
Tumour
How do you treat swim bladder disease?
Warm up water
Add salt to water
Starve fish for a couple days
