dna and biochemistry quiz 1

Question 1

what does dna stand for

Answer 1

deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 2

what is the dna

Answer 2

the genetic material and the instructions for making proteins

Question 3

what is the central dogma of biology

Answer 3

transcription and translation

Question 4

what is transcription

Answer 4

DNA can be used to make RNA

Question 5

what is translation

Answer 5

RNA can be used to make proteins

Question 6

how does DNA unwind

Answer 6

with DNA helicase

Question 7

what happens DNA unwinds

Answer 7

RNA polymerase attaches to one side and makes a complementary strand of mRNA

Question 8

what is mRNA

Answer 8

messenger RNA 1`

Question 9

is the entire strand of DNA turned into mRNA

Answer 9

NO

Question 10

what is transcribed in trnascription

Answer 10

small regions (genes)

Question 11

genes account for how much of chromosomal DNA `

Answer 11

1 to 2 percent

Question 12

where is DNA found in eukaryotes

Answer 12

in the nucleus `

Question 13

what is the function of ribosomes

Answer 13

make proteins

Question 14

where is ribosomes found

Answer 14

in rough ER or cytosol

Question 15

what does mRNA do after being made in the nucleus

Answer 15

exits to the cytoplasm to find a ribosome to be translated

Question 16

translation is which process

Answer 16

where ribosomes turn mRNA into proteins

Question 17

when are condons turned into amino acids

Answer 17

translation

Question 18

average lifespan of mRNA before it degrades

Answer 18

3 to 8 minutes

Question 19

DNA expected lifespan

Answer 19

521 years

Question 20

4 nitrogenous bases of DNA `

Answer 20

Adenine
Guanine
Thymine
Cytosine

Question 21

the order of bases in DNA determine what

Answer 21

which protein will b formed

Question 22

how many base pairs are in the genome

Answer 22

3 billion

Question 23

what is a codon

Answer 23

each 3 letter chunk of the genetic code

Question 24

each codon codes for what

Answer 24

a specific amino acid

Question 25

the order of codons determines what

Answer 25

the order of amino acids

Question 26

sometimes on a chart ...

Answer 26

T turns into U `

Question 27

what are amino acids

Answer 27

20 similar looking molecules that have an N side and C side

Question 28

what is an R chain

Answer 28

what makes each amino acid unique

Question 29

what is a protein

Answer 29

long strings of amino acid

Question 30

median length of proteins in humans

Answer 30

350 amino acids

Question 31

median length of proteins in humans

Answer 31

476 amino acids

Question 32

how do proteins make their shape

Answer 32

fold according to predictable patterns

Question 33

how to proteins attach

Answer 33

the C side o the previous amino acid will combine with the N side of the next amino acid

Question 34

the chemical bond between the C side and N side of amino acids ,,,,

Answer 34

hold them together, called peptide bonds

Question 35

another name for proteins

Answer 35

polypeptides

Question 36

amino acid R chains can be

Answer 36

nonpolar or polar

Question 37

water is

Answer 37

POLAR

Question 38

water n amino acids

Answer 38

polar amino acids are attracted by water, nonpolar ones are repelled

Question 39

nonpolar other name

Answer 39

hydrophobic

Question 40

polar other name

Answer 40

hydrophyllic

Question 41

_____ attract each other and form ____

Answer 41

cysteine residues attract each other and form disulfide bridges

Question 42

amino acid R chains can also be

Answer 42

positively or negatively charged

Question 43

postive amino acids

Answer 43

are basic and attract negative (acidic) amino acids

Question 44

som cases where a mutation will have no change on a protein

Answer 44

when the codon is different but codes for the same amino acid.. so it the same protein

Question 45

case where a mutation has a small change on a protein

Answer 45

the codon is different and codes for a different amino acid, but it is still polar/non polar ( like the original)

Question 46

case where a mutation has a large change on a protein

Answer 46

the codon is different, codes for a different amino acid. the charge (polar/nonpolar ) is different