naming and classifying bacteria quiz

Question 1

what are infectious diseases caused by

Answer 1

viruses, bacteria, fungi , parasites

Question 2

most bacteria is not is not dangerous

Answer 2

yes

Question 3

clinically significant

Answer 3

bacteria that are linked to disease

Question 4

like other species, how are bacteria named

Answer 4

by binomial nomenclature

Question 5

what is binomial nomenclature

Answer 5

two words: genus and species

Question 6

typically many species for

Answer 6

for one genus

Question 7

binomial nomenclature should always be

Answer 7

italicized in print

underlined in writing

Question 8

first letter of genus in binomial nomenclature

Answer 8

capitalized

Question 9

species name in binomial nomenclature

Answer 9

entirely lower case

Question 10

there are often many species

Answer 10

in a genus

Question 11

members of a species can _____ through

Answer 11

vary a lo through horizontal gene transfer

Question 12

what is the genetic material of bacteria

Answer 12

one large circular chromosome… called plasmid

Question 13

why are bacteria much harder to classify tan more complex species

Answer 13

horizontal gene transfer

Question 14

horizontal gene transfer

Answer 14

passing of DNA into bacteria

Question 15

three main ways of horizontal gene transfer

Answer 15

transformation
transduction
conjugation

Question 16

transformation

Answer 16

“naked” DNA is absorbed by bacterium and worked into its DNA

Question 17

transduction

Answer 17

DNA is injected by a bacteriophage

Question 18

bacteriophage

Answer 18

bacteria-infecting virus

Question 19

conjugation

Answer 19

DNA is spread from bacterium to bacterium through(cell to cell contact) sex pilus

Question 20

horizontal gene transfers caused there to be many

Answer 20

many strains of any species

Question 21

different strains of a species can be very unique…..

Answer 21

VERY unique

Question 22

in most cases of bacteria; inheriting just one gene will a grant a bacterium….

Answer 22

• resistance to certain antibiotics
• the ability to synthesize a new nutrient
• or the ability cling to a new surface

Question 23

metric by which bacteria are classified

Answer 23

• color
• morphology
• flagellation
• staining
• growth on various agars
• oxygen dependence
• other habitat preferences
• spore formation

Question 24

how do we classify bacteria w color

Answer 24

bacteria secrete pigments or colored particles, they are sometimes fluorescent

Question 25

colors can also be used to identify

Answer 25

microbes

Question 26

classifying using morphology

Answer 26

classified with their shape

Question 27

(rounds) a circle

Answer 27

cocci

Question 28

two round circles

Answer 28

diplococci

Question 29

pill shape

Answer 29

coccobacilli

Question 30

rod-shaped

Answer 30

bacilli

Question 31

two other shapes

Answer 31

curved and spiral

Question 32

in many cases the name of the genus comes from the

Answer 32

shape of the bacterium

Question 33

curved bacteria often called

Answer 33

vibrio

Question 34

many bacteria have flagellation...

Answer 34

to help them move

Question 35

flagellation comes in what forms

Answer 35

monotrichous lophotrichous amphitrichous peritrichous

Question 36

monotrichous

Answer 36

just one flagellum

Question 37

lophotrichous

Answer 37

just one "tuft" of flagella

Question 38

amphitrichous

Answer 38

having flagella on both sides

Question 39

peritrichous

Answer 39

surrounded by flagella

Question 40

flagella are made of what

Answer 40

flagellin

Question 41

classifying with stain

Answer 41

results of gram stain

Question 42

on a gram stain purple

Answer 42

is a positive result

Question 43

what bacteria usually have a purple stain

Answer 43

bacteria have thick layers (usually 30-40 layers) of peptidoglycan

Question 44

on a gram stain pink

Answer 44

is a negative result

Question 45

what bacteria usually has a pink stain

Answer 45

bacteria usually have much thinner layers of peptidoglycan, as thin as 1-2layers

Question 46

some bacteria don't stain with a gram stain

Answer 46

especially ones that grow in eukaryotic cells

Question 47

bacteria are grown in cultures on

Answer 47

agar

Question 48

agar

Answer 48

gel-like substance

Question 49

agars can be packed with

Answer 49

various substances like antibiotics, nutrients, blood

Question 50

classifying with agars

Answer 50

depending on how they grow on those plates

Question 51

example of a special type of medium (agar)

Answer 51

blood agar

Question 52

blood agar

Answer 52

bacteria are plated with blood to see what happens

Question 53

things that can happen with blood agar

Answer 53

gamma hemolysis alpha hemolysis beta hemolysis

Question 54

gamma hemolysis

Answer 54

means that bacteria do not break blood

Question 55

alpha hemolysis

Answer 55

means that the bacteria partially break blood

Question 56

beta hemolysis

Answer 56

means that the bacteria fully break blood

Question 57

blood agar can be very

Answer 57

important diagnostic tool... especially for Streptococcus species

Question 58

oxygen is required

Answer 58

for human cells, not all bacteria

Question 59

when can oxygen be bad

Answer 59

when it forms toxic compounds such as peroxides or superoxides

Question 60

classifying with oxygen dependence

Answer 60

classified by their relationship | with oxygen

Question 61

types of relationships with oxygen for bacteria

Answer 61

obligate anaerobes obligate aerobes facultative anaerobes aerotolerant bacteria

Question 62

obligate anaerobes

Answer 62

bacteria that can only survive if oxygen is absent

Question 63

obligate aerobes

Answer 63

bacteria that can only survive if oxygen is present

Question 64

ex obligate anaerobes

Answer 64

Clostridium ( cause of gangrene )

Question 65

ex obligate aerobes

Answer 65

Pseudomonas

Question 66

facultative anaerobes

Answer 66

bacteria that prefer to use oxygen-based respiration but can also survive in oxygen-free homes

Question 67

ex of facultative anaerobes

Answer 67

Staphylococcus, Streptococcus)

Question 68

aerotolerant bacteria

Answer 68

bacteria that do not use oxygen-based respiration but can survive if oxygen is present

Question 69

classifying with other preferred living conditions

Answer 69

based on preferred living arrangements

Question 70

different preferences for bacteria living conditions (temp)

Answer 70

thermophiles psychrophiles mesophiles

Question 71

thermophiles

Answer 71

like it hot

Question 72

psychrophiles

Answer 72

like it cold

Question 73

mesophiles

Answer 73

body temp

Question 74

different preferences for bacteria living conditions (acidity)

Answer 74

acidophiles alkaliphiles neutrophiles

Question 75

acidophiles

Answer 75

like it acidic

Question 76

alkaliphiles

Answer 76

like it basic

Question 77

neutrophiles

Answer 77

like it neutral

Question 78

body temp

Answer 78

37 degrees C

Question 79

blood pH

Answer 79

7.4

Question 80

classifying with spore formation

Answer 80

spores or no spores

Question 81

special survival mechanism of some bacteria

Answer 81

ability to form endospore

Question 82

bacterial cells that can form an endospore

Answer 82

divide and then wrap the important stuff inside a thick double-layered cell wall and lay dormant until conditions turn more favorable

Question 83

bacteria that can form an endospore are immune to

Answer 83

to many things like extreme temperature and can wait years before reactivating